Think about the Protestant Reformation and its effect on the development of Western Civilization. Then, consider "On the Jews and their Lies." How does ML's essay written years after the Reformation add to or subtract from his legacy? To what extent do you think the general populace was aware of and supportive of his later writings? Finally, how different would the Western world be if the Reformation never took place?

Thinking about the popular ways in which historians articulate the history of the Renaissance, explain to what extent pornography shaped the cultural milieu of Western Civilization during Europe's "Rebirth." Also, thinking about the Black Death, how do you imagine the Western World reacted to a new era in European history? What social and cultural norms where likely to change or mature? Finally, how influential was the Renaissance to later movements, to include even contemporary society, but in particular the Enlightenment?

To what extent do you agree with the following: the primary reasons why the Pope called for a Holy Crusade against the Muslim empire were to drive the Turks from Anatolia, Obligate the Byzantines, provide occasion for healing the Great Schism on Rome's terms, and to capture the Holy land.