The overall reaction for the electrolytic production of aluminum by means of the Hall process may be represented as follows.
Al2O3(s) + 3 C(s) ? 2 Al(l) + 3 CO(g)
At 1000°C, the standard free-energy change for this process is 594 kJ/mol.
(a) Calculate the minimum voltage required to produce 1 mole of aluminum at this temperature.
(b) If the actual voltage applied is exactly two times the ideal value, calculate the energy required to produce 2.33 kg of the metal.