The optical rotation of a sample composed of only D-lactose is determined [a]abs = 0.99 degrees. [a]D is known to be 52.3 degrees for D-lactose. If the cell path length was 0.8 dm and the concentration of D-lactose in the sample was 0.17 g/mL, what is the enantiomeric excess (ee)?
a) 8.7%
b) 13.9%
c) 14.5%
d) 22.3%
e) 28.7%