1) The nitration of toluene gives o- and p-nitrotoluene as the major products. Please explain this observation, using structures (rather than words) as much as possible.
2) Please construct a potential energy diagram for the electrophilic aromatic substitution of benzene with an electrophile, E+. Your diagram should include benzene, the cationic intermediate, and the product. What will happen to the rate of reaction if the relative energy of the cationic intermediate is increased? If it is decreased?