In normalizing wave functions, the integration is over all space in which the wave function is defined a. Normalize the wave function x(a ? x) y(b ? y) over the range 0 < x < a , 0 < y < b . The element of area in two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates is dxdy ; a and b are constants. b. Normalize the wave function e^(-2r /b ) *sin(theta) *sin(phi) over the interval 0 < r < infiniti, 0 < theta < pi . The volume element in three-dimensional spherical coordinates is r^2 sin(theta) dr dtheta dphi and b is a constant.