Temperature plays a role in determining the relevance of electronic, vibrational, and rotational spectral lines in room-temperature biomedical optics.

The ratio between any two states' populations is an exponential function of ?E, the difference in their energies, and kT, the Boltzmann energy, ratio is exp (-?E=kT). Taking Ng to be the number of molecules in the ground state (i.e., the electronic, vibrational, or rotational quantum number is at a minimum) at body temperature (37°C), and Ne to be the number in a particular excited state, calculate the fractional excitation Ne/(Ng + Ne)
of a two-state ensemble for the following cases:

(a) when the excited state corresponds to absorption of a 525 nm photon;

(b) when the excited state is a vibration with v (wavenumber)= 1030 cm-1

(c) when the excited state is a rotation with v (wavenumber)= 30 cm-1

Based upon these calculations, is it reasonable to assume that essentially any molecule a photon encounters in the body will be in its ground vibrational state? Its ground electronic state? Its ground rotational state?