Tell whether the following hypotheses are correlational in nature.

1. There are no differences in cognitive ability between preschoolers in child-care settings and preschoolers who are cared for at home.

2. There is a relationship between parents' education, socioeconomic status, and children's achievement levels in math.

3. There is no relationship between the rate of violent crime in New York and socioeconomic status.

4. Parent education does not increase a child's performance on a math achieve- ment test.

5. Over time, there are differences in the discipline policies used in rural and urban schools.