Task 1

Write balanced equations to show how ethyl ethanoate can be made from a) and acid halide and b) an acid anhydride.

Briefly outline the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods of making esters.

Explain how the haloform reaction can be used to distinguish between butan-2-one and propanal.  Include a reaction mechanism for any reaction which occurs.  If you have photographs of the iodoform experiment you may wish to include these.

Task 2

Haloalkanes

Produce a reaction scheme, including the reaction conditions, showing the main reactions of haloalkanes and how they can be used to produce other functional groups.  You do not have to include every reaction we covered in class  but you should include the following:

a) Nucleophilic substitution reactions: an example of an SN1 and an SN2 including the stereochemical consequences.  Mark on your reaction scheme which is SN1 and which is SN2.

b) Elimination reactions:  an example of an E₁ and E₂ reaction.  Mark on your reaction scheme which is E1 and which is E2

c)  An example of a Grignard reaction including how the Grignard reagent is used.

d) Ensure you identify cleary the type of compound formed in each reaction.

Task 3 Amines and Amides

a)  Write a reaction mechanism to show how propanoyl chloride is converted to propanamide using ammonia.

b)i ) Amines can be used in the manufacture of azo dyes.  The intermediate is an unstable diazonium ion.  Write a balanced equation to show how phenylamine can be made into the diazonium ion.

ii)  Show how the diazonium ion in i) can couple with phenol to form the azo compound.

Task 4

a) Devise a reaction scheme to make ethanol from propanoic acid. Several steps may be required. For each reaction include any reagents/catalysts and reaction conditions. Can you devise more than one route.