Question
Q1. What functional groups are present in each molecule?
Q2. Write balanced chemical equations for the aerobic respiration reaction of sucrose, showing how it reacts with oxygen to produce energy?
Q3. The molar enthalpy of combustion of sucrose, ΔrHo = is -5645 kJ mol-1. What term (one word) is used to describe a chemical reaction with a negative change in enthalpy?
Q4- Calculate the molecular weights of both sucrose and palmitic acid, by summing the contributions from C, H and O atoms and enter your data in the table below. (Useful data: relative atomic masses C12.01, H 1.01, O 16.00).
Q-5 Calculate the number of moles in 1.00 g of sucrose and of palmitic acid. Enter your answers in the table below. (Hint: n = m/MW).
Q6. Calculate the energy released by respiration of 1.00 g of sucrose and of palmitic acid. Enter your answers in the table below. (hint: use the number of mol from the previous Q, along with the molar enthalpy of combustion)
Q7. Based on the energy released in respiration per gram, which is the more potent fuel source, sugar or fat? Is this consistent with the notion that each new CO bond made via oxidation releases energy?
Q8. (a) According to the stoichiometry (molar ratios) of the balanced reaction, how many oxygen molecules are required for each sucrose molecule in respiration? Enter your answer in the table
(b) How many mole of O2 are required to generate 8700 kJ of energy from sucrose? (The appendix provides examples of this type of calculation.)
(c) Use the ideal gas equation to calculate the corresponding volume of oxygen gas at standard atmospheric temperature and pressure (SATP) of 25 ºC and 100 kPa (1 bar)? Enter your answer in the table.
(d) State at least two limitations/assumptions in this method of estimation.
Q9. (a) What is meant by the double arrows (?) in this reaction?
(b)What happens to the ratio of oxygenated HbO2(aq) to deoxygenated Hb(aq), i.e. when there is a high pressure of oxygen, PO2(g), in the lungs?
Q10. The magnitude of K is critical for O2 to be pass first from lungs into red blood cells and then subsequently into the tissues.
(a) If K was very small, would the equilibrium favour reactants or products in the above reaction? How would that affect the proportion of oxygenated HbO2(aq) to deoxygenated Hb(aq) in blood leaving the lungs?
(b) Now consider the situation in the tissues of the body that rely on diffusion of oxygen from the bloodstream. If K was very large, how would that affect the amount of oxygen passing from blood into the tissues?
Q11. The equilibrium constant, K, for binding of haemoglobin for carbon monoxide, CO, is about 200- 300 times greater than for O2. Explain using chemical equilibrium principles why this makes breathing CO hazardous
Q12. For each of the following observations, identify which one these five factors is most important, and briefly explain how/why that is the case.
(a) The ability to sustain aerobic exercise is limited by the amount of haemoglobin in the blood.
(b) Non-starch polysaccharides are large complex carbohydrates, and an important source of dietary fibre. Their chemical energy content is similar to other carbohydrates like sucrose. Why is it that some bacteria can process these molecules but they do not undergo respiration via by human digestion?
(c) Potato is made edible by cooking it
(d) Digestion is enhanced by chewing our food
Attachment:- Scenario-Based-Problem.rar