Question1 : If a sample of water from a pond is to be analyzed for whatever chemicals it may contain (including organic compounds and metal containing species), give a very brief, but specific description of the protocol that would be best used, including what instrument(s) should be involved (choosing only from NMR and/or any chromatographic systems), and any specific accessories that might be needed (e.g. transducers/detectors, sample introduction system, etc.) as well as how the sample should be prepared for analysis, any interferences expected and how to overcome them, etc.

Question 2: In most instrumental or analytical methods, use of an Internal Standard is considered the least desirable approach for calibrating the method. However, it is a very important technique for Chromatographic methods, especially GC. Why is this true?

Questoin 3: The terms SCOT, WCOT, & PLOT are frequently used to describe types of GC columns. Specifically how do these columns differ from "Packed" columns in their structure and function and why are they an improvement over packed columns? (Refer to Van Deemter theory.)