Question 1

The two primary images that Europeans established for native peoples in the Americas were of innocents and savages.

True

False

Question 2

The plantation system of agriculture began in the Caribbean, then spread to Brazil and the Atlantic islands.

True

False

Question 3

The first large-scale impact of the Atlantic slave trade to become visible in Africa was the limits it placed on African population growth.

True

False

Question 4

Why did the Spanish capture of Manila in 1571 inaugurate the first worldwide trade circuit?

The Spanish now had control of a network of ports designed especially to facilitate easy trading by ship.

Manila gave the Spanish a base to trade New World silver to China, then Chinese goods to Europe.

Control of Manila enhanced Spanish power at the expense of the Mughals and Chinese, increasing Spanish control of trade networks.

The Spanish had become the first people to sail all the way around the world.

The Spanish now controlled all of the worlds major entrepôt cities.

Question 5

The Catholic missionary organization founded during the Counter-Reformation was _______.

the Knights Templar

the Council of Trent

the Dominican order

the Inquisition

the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

Question 6

The Catholic Church’s response to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation was known as the _______.

Catholic Reformation

Doctrine of Infallibility

Great Awakening

Counter-Reformation

Divine Faith

Question 7

Which of the following contributed to the decline of Spain as a world power during the sixteenth century?

American diseases that decimated its population

the English development of new gunpowder technologies

inflation caused by the introduction of too much silver into the monetary supply

bankruptcy stemming from costly European wars

the subversive message of the Counter-Reformation

Question 8

Most slaves on Brazilian sugar plantations:

worked in large groups comprising more than 200 individuals per plantation.

suffered high mortality rates due to overwork and poor conditions.

had a relatively high standard of living, because their owners recognized the need to protect their valuable investments.

lived in family units, since numbers of enslaved women and men were evenly balanced.

developed close community relationships, since very few new slaves were added to existing plantation groups.

Question 9

The introduction of American food crops to Eurasia:

led to the spread of American diseases in Eurasia.

undermined existing culinary traditions.

made the Eurasian landscape look more like the Americas.

made Eurasian farmers less competitive in comparison to American farmers.

contributed to explosive population growth in Eurasia.

Question 10

What was an encomienda?

a grant from the Spanish crown giving an individual control over Indian labor in exchange for payment of taxes

a large plantation on which sugar was grown

a group of men who conquered large amounts of territory in the Americas for the Spanish

a group of Catholic missionaries sent to America by the Spanish crown

a grant from the Spanish crown giving an individual control over a large estate

Question 11

The primary goal of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean was:

to improve the Portuguese economy by selling its products in Asian markets.

to overthrow the Mughal Empire.

to develop close, cooperative relationships with local rulers.

to maintain the flow of trade and profit from it by extracting taxes and tributes.

o conquer as much territory as possible.

Question 12

Why were the Portuguese and other Europeans motivated to find new routes to Asia?

They believed they had a religious duty as Christians to conquer and convert the people of India.

They wanted to establish a closer relationship with the Chinese and learn more about their manufacturing techniques.

They responded to the increasing control of established trade routes by Arab traders and Islamization

They were responding to the Black Death, which had made their old trade routes too dangerous to use.

They needed a new source of gold and silver and believed it could be found in Asia.

Question 13

What role did the Habsburgs play in sixteenth-century Europe?

encouraged self-government and religious toleration in European lands.

regained control of the overland trade routes between the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean.

produced a number of prominent Protestant leaders.

engaged in privateering against the power of the Spanish.

ruled the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Portugal, and their overseas possessions.

Question 14

Many people who were captured and enslaved in the Atlantic slave trade died before leaving Africa.

True

False

Question 15

The demographic impact of the Atlantic slave trade on Africa in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was as devastating as the impact of Afro-Eurasian diseases on Native Americans in the sixteenth century.

True

False

Question 16

The English and French profited from the colonization of the Americas despite the lack of precious metals in their colonies.

True

False

Question 17

Which European trade good had the greatest destabilizing effect on Africa?

books

weapons

silver

cloth

liquor

Question 18

All of the following were destinations for slaves captured in sub-Saharan Africa except:

North Africa.

the Americas.

the Ottoman Empire.

Siberia.

the Middle East.

Question 19

The Atlantic crossing experienced by African slaves can best be characterized as:

scary and intriguing.

healthful and informative.

horrifying and deadly.

speedy and efficient.

peaceful and calm.

Question 20

The short life expectancy of African slaves working on plantations in the Caribbean was due to all of the following except:

overwork and exhaustion.

poor sanitation and generally bad living conditions.

their lack of immunity to New World diseases.

lack of food.

owners belief that slaves were nonhumans.

Question 21

The expansion of the Russian Empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries took place primarily in _______.

Persia

Korea

Japan

Siberia

China

Question 22

What export crop allowed the English colony of Virginia to become profitable?

tobacco

cotton

flax

sugar

rice

Question 24

English colonial expansion was distinctive because of its high reliance on which of the following strategies?

emphasis on land ownership, pushing indigenous people off of desirable land

development of strong relationships with indigenous people

defiance of mercantile principles by carrying other countries cargo

control of native labor

importing of slave labor into colonies

Question 38

The slave trade did not lead to a decline of the African population but did change the gender balance.

True

False