Question 1: REBT is based on the assumption that:

a. Humans have a biological tendency to think irrationally

b. Humans have a biological tendency to think rationally

c. Both a and b

d. None of the above

Question 2: _____________ is the behavioral intervention used to gradually increase the quality of a behavior.

a. Shaping

b. Extinction

c. Stimulus control

d. Aversive control

Question 3: DBT utilizes a behavioral technique in which the client learns to tolerate painful emotions without enacting self-destructive behaviors known as:

a. Positive reinforcement

b. Negative reinforcement

c. Exposure

d. Punishment

Question 4: In reality therapy, behavior is affected by:

a. The impact of external stimuli on behavior

b. Unconscious conflicts

c. Current inner motivation

d. All of the above

Question 5: In reality therapy, the skilled counselor or therapist treats behavior as:

a. The result of social pressure and limited perceptions of possibilities

b. Information received from parents and from the surrounding culture

c. Caused by self-verbalizations that can be helpful or hurtful

d. Chosen as a result of unmet wants and needs/font>

Question 6: A method in which the counselor or therapist leads the client through a number of questions to become aware of thoughts and distortions in thinking, and to find and implement more adaptive replacements is called:

a. "Socratic Questioning"

b. "Platonic Questioning"

c. A-B-C Model

d. Reflection

Question 7: In the A-B-C model proposed by Ellis, the factor that creates the emotional and behavioral consequences is:

a. Activating event

b. Consequences

c. Beliefs

d. None of the above

Question 8: According to Glasser, human behaviors are composed of:

a. Doing, thinking, feeling, physiology

b. Doing, resting, sleeping, acting

c. Responding, initiating, ignoring, acting

d. None of the above

Question 9: In practicing reality therapy, counselors and therapists focus on:

a. The interpersonal relationships of the client

b. Insight into causes of behavior

c. Family history

d. Personal history

Question 10: According to Ellis, the shoulds, oughts, and musts fall under which of the following categories?

a. Self-demandingness

b. Other-demandingness

c. World-demandingness

d. All of the above

Question 11: In reality therapy, the environment or counseling or psychotherapeutic atmosphere includes which of the following?

a. Attending behaviors

b. Doing the unexpected

c. Use of metaphors

d. All of the above

Question 12: The DBT model proposes that a successful counseling intervention must meet five critical functions. Which of the following is not one of these functions?

a. Improve and preserve the client's incentive to change

b. Boost the client's capabilities

c. Ensure the client's capabilities are specific to his or her environment

d. Structure the environment so that the treatment can take place

Question 13: A counselor using CBT might focus on using:

a. Pharmacotherapy

b. Dream analysis

c. Transference

d. Risk-taking exercises

Question 14: DBT is driven by three theories. Which of the following is not one of those?

a. Behavior therapy

b. Biosocial theory of BPD

c. Dialectics

d. Gestalt theory

Question 15: Which of the following is true about REBT?

a. REBT was influenced by Rogers' core conditions of counseling.

b. REBT was influenced by Freud's concept of the unconscious.

c. REBT was influenced by Frankl's logotherapy.

d. None of the above

Question 16: _______________ is the sense of personal competence or feelings of mastery.

a. Self-concept

b. Self-esteem

c. Self-efficacy

d. Self-control

Question 17: Which of the following is associated with reality therapy?

a. WDEP system

b. Choice theory

c. SAMIICCC

d. All of the above

Question 18: Cognitive therapy has been criticized for its focus on:

a. Internal events (thinking)

b. Direct observation

c. Listening procedures

d. Intellectual understanding

Question 19: Which of the following is not consistent with REBT theory?

a. Events or other people make us feel bad or good.

b. Thinking, feeling, and behaving are interconnected.

c. Emotional distress results from exaggeration, overgeneralization, and invalidated assumptions.

d. Irrational beliefs emanate from environmental and genetic factors.

Question 20: A client is partaking in cognitive distortion when he/she exaggerates a negative event to the point that the event has more impact than it deserves. What is this called?

a. Disqualifying the positive

b. Catastrophizing

c. All-or-nothing thinking

d. None of the above

Question 21: In choice theory, human motivation springs from which of these five sources?

a. Belonging, survival, knowledge, fun, power

b. Survival, belonging, power, freedom, fun

c. Power, achievement, enjoyment, information, security

d. Survival, achievement, love, success, pride

Question 22: DBT was initially developed to treat:

a. Narcissistic personality disorder

b. Histrionic personality disorder

c. Antisocial personality disorder

d. Borderline personality disorder

Question 23: The developer of dialectical behavior therapy is:

a. Dr. Marsha Linehan

b. Dr. Albert Ellis

c. Dr. Carl Rogers

d. Dr. Fritz Perls

Question 24: DBT targets behaviors in descending order beginning with ________.

a. triggers

b. biosocial susceptibility

c. suicidal behavior

d. enhancing respect for self

Question 25: According to REBT, certain values promote emotional adjustment and mental health. Which of the following is not one of these values?

a. Non-utopian

b. Low frustration tolerance

c. Flexibility

d. High frustration tolerance