Question 1: Psychology is the ________________ of ________________ and mental processes.

A) study, the mind
B) knowledge, philosophy
C) study, personality
D) science, behavior

Question 2: The best psychological information is typically based on

A) proven theories
B) opinions of experts and authorities
C) anthropomorphic
D) empirical evidence and measurements

Question 3: Who among the following is most interested in the growth of young children?

A) learning theorist
B) personality theorist
C) comparative psychologist
D) developmental psychologist

Question 4: Who among the following is LEAST likely to treat serious behavioral and emotional disturbances?

A) psychologist
B) counselor
C) psychiatrist
D) psychoanalyst

Question 5: A hypothesis is a(n):

A) observable relationship between specific independent and dependent variables.
B) testable prediction that gives direction to research.
C) set of principles that organizes and explains newly discovered facts.
D) unprovable assumption about the unobservable processes that underlie psychological functioning.

Question 6: The cognitive perspective in psychology emphasizes how:

A) feelings are influenced by blood chemistry.
B) people try to understand their own unconscious motives.
C) behavior is influenced by environmental conditions.
D) people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

Question 7: All psychodynamic theories are based on the work of:

A) Titchner
B) Freud
C) Darwin
D) Piaget

Question 8: Belief in astrology is based on the failure to:

A) collect relevant correlations
B) make use of introspection
C) distinguish between observation and inference
D) engage in critical thinking

Question 9: If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are:

A) causally related.
B) negatively correlated.
C) independent variables.
D) dependent variables.
E) positively correlated.

Question 10: A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +.70 would indicate that:

A) physical attractiveness has no causal influence on dating frequency.
B) more frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness.
C) it is impossible to predict levels of physical attractiveness based on knowledge of dating frequency.
D) more frequent dating is associated with higher levels of physical attractiveness.

Question 11: An article in a magazine claims that a "New Diet Controls Hyperactivity in Children". This claim is meaningless unless:

A) the author is an authority on hyperactivity
B) the diet has been scientifically tested
C) an animal test was conducted
D) the author knows of a specific child who benefited from the diet

Question 12: If psychologists discovered that intelligent parents have smarter children than unintelligent parents, this would demonstrate that:

A) intelligence is learned.
B) intelligent parents provide their children with fewer educational opportunities than do unintelligent parents.
C) the intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated.
D) all the above are true.

Question 13: Naturalistic observations are conducted in order to:

A). describe behavior.
B). explain behavior.
C). predict behavior.
D). control behavior.

Question 14: According to evolutionary psychology men judge women as especially attractive if they appear ________ and women judge men as especially attractive if they appear ________.

A) mature; mature
B) youthful; youthful
C) mature; youthful
D) youthful; mature

Question 15: In the nature-nurture debate, the term nature primarily refers to:

A) mother earth
B) the existence of sensitive periods
C) wild animals
D) heredity

Question 16: According to evolutionary psychology to attract potential mates, women are more likely than men to advertise their own ________, and men are more likely than women to advertise their own ________.

A) athletic skills; parenting skills
B) good looks; social status
C) sexual experience; sexual inexperience
D) intelligence; nurturance

Question 17: In the nature/nuture debate two individuals are most likely to share similar personality traits if they are ________ twins who were reared ________.

A) fraternal; together
B) identical; apart
C) fraternal; apart
D) identical; together

Question 18: Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between variables?

A). positive .05
B). negative .25
C). positive .75
D). negative .95

Question 19: Which of the following emphasizes the effects of parents' child-rearing practices on children's personality development:

A). behavior geneticists.
B). Freudian psychologists.
C). gender schema theorists.
D). evolutionary psychologists.

Question 20: Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.

A). personality traits
B). religious beliefs
C). political attitudes
D). moral values

Question 21: Concepts of maleness and femaleness that influence our perceptions of gender are called gender:

A). norms
B). ideas
C) roles
D). complexes

Question 22: Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

A). sense of object permanence.
B). concept of conservation.
C). capacity for habituation.
D). secure attachment.

Question 23: Jack is learning to understand algebra. He loves to discuss philosophical issues with his friends, and is exploring various religious beliefs. Jack is in Jean Piaget's __________ stage.

A). preoperational
B). sensorimotor
C). formal operational
D). concrete operational

Question 24: According to Erik Erikson, the task of the adolescent is to:

A). find intimacy.
B). establish an identity.
C). become autonomous.
D). conquer their sense of inferiority.

Question 25: A baby who turns away from his mother when she returns after a brief separation shows signs of having which type of attachment?

A) insecure-avoidant
B) insecure-ambivalent
C) solitary-ambivalent
D) maternal-disaffectional

Question 26: According to Piaget, a child's mastery of conservation occurs during the

A) formal operational stage
B) preoperational stage
C) concrete operational stage
D) sensorimotor stage

Question 27: Vygotsky believed that adults help children learn how to think by using a process he called:

A) reversible thinking
B) scaffolding
C) accommodation
D) moral reasoning

Question 28: According to Erikson, the dilemma faced by most 3- to- 5- year- olds is:

A) autonomy versus shame and doubt
B) initiative versus guilt
C) trust versus mistrust
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 29: Which of the following can be achieved with hypnosis?

A) unusual strength
B) pain relief
C) improved eyesight
D) sleep- like brain waves

Question 30: Erikson's theory states that mature adults are best able to avoid stagnation when they express:

A) integrity
B) generativity
C) intimacy
D) preconventional moral reasoning

Question 31: If I have a lot of anger because I came from a poor neighborhood and one day use the energy of that anger to create beautiful music, I am using the defense mechanism of _____________________.

Question 32: If I make a bad grade on an exam and blame it on the professor, I am using the defense mechanism of:

Question 33: People who suffer from sudden daytime sleep attacks have which sleep disorder?

A) narcolepsy
B) REM behavior disorder
C) somnambulism
D) sleep spindling

Question 34: Wish-fulfillment and dream symbols are important concepts in which explanation of dream content?

A) activation- synthesis
B) the REST hypothesis
C) imagery rehearsal
D) psychodynamic

Question 35: If I want to see patients and work as a psychoanalyst I should get a doctorate in ______________ psychology.

Question 36: According to Freud, we share the strivings of our __________ with lower animals.

Question 37: People who practice meditation report lower levels of stress and a greater sense of well- being. T or F

True
False

Question 38: The name for the energy that drives all human endeavors for Freud is called:

Question 39: If I yell at my wife because I'm angry at my boss, I'm using the defense mechanism of ___________.

Question 40: The goal of self-actualization was proposed by which psychologist? (write their last name only)

Question 41: Astrology can sometimes be used to give us a true prediction of what will happen to us on a particular day.

True
False

Question 42: A correlation is a measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables. T or F

True
False

Question 43: Rationalization, as a defense mechanism, is only used by some people, some of the time. T or F

True
False

Question 44: Most men have a higher IQ than women.

True
False

Question 45: People who rely entirely only on astrology or religion to live their life are probably not college graduates.

True
False

Question 46: For Freud the superego develops out of our need to be immoral.

True
False

Question 47: Children can learn both aggression and how to help others through the learning technique of imitation.

True
False

Question 48: The concept of self-realization began with Aristotle and later used by psychologist Carl Jung.

True
False

Question 49: In psychoanalytic theory if my ego is healthy then some aspect of the psyche must be out of balance.

True
False

Question 50: Self-efficacy can be considered a measure of our power to accomplish a task, like graduating from college.

True
False