Question 1: In looking back over her life, Jane, a very successful judge writes who came from a very disadvantaged background writes: When I was young, I dreamed of being either a doctor or a judge. At the time, with no knowledge of what either aspiration might entail, the one didn't seem any more outlandish than the other. This quote suggests that at a young age, Jane had:

A) Clear goals, but no strong sense of self efficacy.

B) Hope, but no one to support her in her aspirations.

C) Clear goals, but little self confidence..

D) Hope, but that she is lacking pathways and clear goals.

Question 2: A counselor describes a client as presenting with "strong positive affect". What is meant by that statement?

A) The client was very resilient.

B) The client had made a real difference at work.

C) The client seemed was cheerful and alert.

D) B and C

Question 3: Which of the following presents the best example of a cognitive function?

A) A teenager thinks he is not good at math.

B) A young boy feels safe when in his mother's arms.

C) A husband and wife argue as to whether it is better to spend or save the bonus the husband just received at work.

D) None of the above

Question 4: The LOT (Life Orientation Test) is a measure of:

A) differences in level of optimism

B) how open you are to new experiences

C) how you assess your life at this point

D) your likelihood of succeeding in a new situation.

Question 5: According to Scheier and Carver, LOT scores correlate positively with a measure of self esteem.This means that:

A) Having high self esteem causes a high score on the LOT test.

B) People who are high in self esteem are also likely to have high scores on the LOT.

C) Depression does not cause someone to get a low score on the LOT.

D) None of the above

Question 6: Assuming equal skill and knowledge, which of the following individuals is likely to perform best in a challenging situation:

A) Someone who uses defensive pessimism to cope.

B) Someone who is realistic.

C) Someone who is unrealistic.

D) Someone who is optimistic.

E) Someone who is pessimistic.

Question 7: As compared to pessimists, optimists are

A) More likely to accept the reality of the stressful situations they encounter..

B) More planful in dealing with adversity.

C) More likely to make the best of bad situations.

D) All of the above.

Question 8: Which of the following individuals is the best example of a person high in hope, as defined by C.R.Snyder.

A) A person who spends considerable time day dreaming about becoming a star basketball player and watching televised basketball games.

B) A person who dreams of being a star basketball player and who is recognized as having a great deal of the natural ability needed to be successful in the field.

C) A person who wants to become a star basketball player and who works hard to develop the skills needed to get on the high school basketball team, as a first step toward his goal.

D) All of the above.

Question 9: Which of the following is a difference between the State Hope Scale and the Trait Hope Scale?

A) One measures how hopeful a person is at a given point in time while the other measures how hopeful a person is generally.

B) The test-retest reliability of of the Trait measure should be quite high, while the test-retest reliability of the State measure is likely to be considerably less high.

C) A person's score on the Trait Hope measure would be expected to remain fairly consistent over time, while the score on the State measure would be expected to fluctuate.

D) All of the above.

Question 10: Which of the following is a more accurate statement about Snyder's Hope Theory and the Schreier and Carver theory of Optimism?

A) Hope theory is primarily cognitively based, while Optimism theory is primarily affectively based.

B) Hope theory is more affectively based than is Optimism theory.

C) Both theories are primarily cognitively based.

D) None of the above.

Question 11: A person's self efficacy regarding a specific task would probably be most increased by

A) observing someone like themselves performing the task successfully.

B) getting a pep talk from someone who knows them well

C) succeeding at similar and related tasks.

D) discussing the specific steps necessary for success with a supervisor

Question 12: Select what best completes the phrase below.

Self esteem and Self eficacy ....

A) differ in that self esteem is a more consistent and global assessment of one's abilities than self efficacy

B) can both be learned by observing others.

C) lead to persistence and success in all challenging situations.

D) are essentially the same concept in that both reflect a person's faith in him/herself.

Question 13: Based on research about increasing self efficacy, if you were the supervisor of a new employee who seems unsure of himself, which of the following actions might be most helpful to him.

suggest that he observe one of his co-workers at the job for a few days before attempting the task on his own.

ask him first to take on some of the easier tasks where likelihood of success was greatest.

observe him carefully so that you could give clear feedback regarding the errors he was making.

be welcoming and kind.

Question 14: According to Seligman, which of the following individuals is most likely to be flourishing (that is meeting his criteria for well-being)?

A) John has a good family life and a solid and secure income. He considers his work a means to an end, the end being to provide a comfortable income. Although he is good at his job and well respected, he does not feel particularly challenged or committed.

B) Susan is a writer who often finds herself completely immersed in her work. She has completed three books on subjects she considers important, although she has not had a major best seller,She has a close network of friends who encourage her in her work and and with whom she shares her love of skiing.

C) Mary, a CEO of an international company.is challenged and invigorated by her work. Her work leaves her little time for other pursuits or to develop close relationships.

D) John and Susan, but not Mary.

Question 15: Which of the following is NOT one of the components of Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love?

intimacy

commitment

common interests

passion

Question 16: In which situation is a state of flow most likely to occur?

A) None of the above.

B) When an individual has high self esteem and is interested in the challenge.

C) When an individual is very confident she can do the task and is very knowledgeable about how to go about it.

D) When someone is is highly challenged and the task uses signature strengths.

Question 17: After childhood, there is little we can do to change our mind and brain.

True

False

Question 18: Most studies of positive psychology interventions dealt with clinically depressed individuals.

A) True

B) False

Question 19: If people could extend their empathy beyond their family, ethnic, and national boundaries, the likelihood of wars would be reduced.

True

False

Question 20: As far as positive psychology interventions go, the longest acting positive effect on happiness occurred for subjects who were asked to use their signature strengths in a new way, or for subjects who were asked to write down three good things that went well each day--in each case during an entire week.

True

False

Question 21: Which of the following describes mindfulness? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!)

A) in the present moment

B) non-judgemental attitude

C) purposeful

D) paying careful attention

Question 22: Which of the following are characteristic of a state of FLOW? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A) in a state of ecstacy

B) feeling a strong sense of self efficacy

C) being in a quiet location

D) interacting with other people

Question 23: Which of the following is an example of secure attachment? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

an infant who cries when parent leaves, then is distracted by toys and begins playing contentedly, and expresses pleasure at return of parent.

a young man who is deeply in love with his girl friend, but who reacts with anger when she tells him that she is planning an evening without him with a few of her closest friends.

an infant who cries when parent leaves, but then settles down and begins playing happily with toys, refusing to acknowlege the parent's return.

a widower, who is unable to recover from a deep depression more than 2 years after the death of her spouse of 45 years.