Question 1 :_____ reasoning starts from specific data and tries to identify larger patterns from which to derive more general theories.
Logical
Inductive
Ground-level
Deductive
Question 2 : The term used to summarize a set of phenomena is:
Definition
Concept
Operationalization
Pattern
Question 3 : The process of gathering empirical (scientific and specific) data, creating theories, and rigorously testing theories is known as:
Sociological method
Scientific method
Data collection
Theoretical reasoning
Question 4 : A detailed conversation designed to obtain in-depth information about a person and his or her activities is referred to as:
Interview
In-depth discussion
Questionnaire
Observation
Question 5 : _____ reasoning starts from broad theories but proceeds to break them down into more specific and testable hypotheses.
Deductive
Hypothesis
Inductive
Grand theory
Question 6 : Random sampling refers to:
When a researcher chooses subjects by picking names out of the phone book
When everyone in the population of interest has an equal chance of being chosen for the study
When the sample does not represent the population because the subjects have been chosen randomly, rather than logically and systemically
When the size of the sample is chosen based on what similar studies used
Question 7 : The repetition of a previous study using a different sample or population to verify or refute the original findings is referred to as:
Verification
Replication
Validation
Reliability
Question 8 : The idea that concepts and measurement accurately represent what they claim to represent is referred to as:
Replication
Validity
Reliability
Falsifiability
Question 9 : Abstract and general standards in society that define ideal principles such as right and wrong are referred to as:
Laws
Public opinions
Religious beliefs
Values
Question 10 : _____ theorists would argue that elites use culture to gain or maintain power over other groups.
Marxist
Conflict
Symbolic Interactionist
Functionalist
Question 11 : The beliefs, norms, behaviors, and products common to the members of a particular group are referred to as:
Ethnicity
Culture
Society
Class
Question 12 : Particular ideas that people accept as true are referred to as:
Religion
Cultural norms
Values
Beliefs
Question 13 : The abstract creations of human cultures, including ideas about behavior and living, are referred to as:
Philosophy
Nonmaterial culture
Material culture
Theory
Question 14 : The contradiction between the goals of ideal culture and the practices of real culture is referred to as:
Ideal-real inconsistency
Cultural inconsistency
Cultural contradiction
Ideal-real disconnect
Question 15 : Commitment to respecting cultural differences rather than submerging them into a larger, dominant culture is referred to as:
Multiculturalism
Cultural relativism
Ethnocentrism
Tolerance
Question 16 : Common rules of a culture that govern the behavior of people belonging to it are referred to as:
Laws
Beliefs
Norms
Values