Question 1 : Contemporary theories of counseling:

are grounded on assumptions that are a part of Eastern culture.
emphasize the uniqueness of the individual, self-assertion, and ego strength.
focus on interdependence, and losing self in the totality of the cosmos.
emphasizes the social and cultural facts of human existence.

Question 2 : Practicing counseling without an explicit theoretical rationale is somewhat like

driving a car with a GPS device.
trying to sail a boat without a rudder.
flying a plane without a co-pilot.
taking a train ride.

Question 3 : When a counselor works in a managed care system, client's goals need to be:

long-term and all encompassing.
aimed at character reconstruction.
geared towards the client gaining insight into his or her problems and movement towards self-actualization.
highly specific, limited to reduction of problematic symptoms, and often aimed at teaching coping skills.

Question 4 : __________ is a general term covering the process of identifying an emotional or behavioral problem and making a statement about the current status of a client.

Medical diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Psychodiagnosis
Cognitive appraisal

Question 5 : Practitioners who argue against diagnosis:

claim that DSM labels stigmatize people.
are likely to be psychoanalytically oriented therapists.
often work in community mental health centers.
are likely to work for a managed care system.

Question 6 : Practitioners need to function with ________________________; they must have a clear understanding of the techniques they employ and have a sense of the expected outcomes of their interventions.

spontaneity
creativity
intentionality
ambiguity

Question 7 : The following is not true concerning therapeutic use of the DSM-IV-TR to diagnose clients:

Emphasis is on pathology, deficits, limitations, problems, and symptoms.
The process of determining a diagnosis requires clients to meet a number of criteria stated in the DSM-IV-TR
It is based on the assumption that distress in a family or social context is the result of individual pathology.
It is based on a systemic approach that views the source of distress as being within the entire system, rather than on the individual.

Question 8  : The term ___________________ is described in the text as a "grab bag of diagnostic leftovers at the back of the DSM-IV-TR that rarely qualify for reimbursement."

T-codes
X-codes
Y-codes
V-codes

Question 9 : Empirical research ____________________the centrality of the therapeutic relationship as a primary factor contributing to psychotherapy outcomes.

downplays
exaggerates
strongly and consistently supports
inconsistently supports

Question 10 : According to professional ethical principles on testing, it would be unethical for a counselor to:

perform testing and assessment services for which they have not been adequately trained.
develop, administer, score, interpret, or use assessment procedures that are appropriate for the situation.
test within the client's socialized behavioral or cognitive patterns.
consider the validity of a given test and interpret data in the context of the cultural characteristics of the client.

Question 11 : John is seeking counseling through his managed care provider and he needs to be informed that:

the managed care company may request the entire clinical record of a client.
he has the right to expect unlimited sessions.
his insurance provider will not have access to his records.
no referrals will be made upon termination of therapy.

Question 12 : The managed care model:

allows practitioners to decide what clients need, how and when to treat them, and how long therapy will last.
stresses time-limited interventions, cost-effective methods, and a focus on preventative strategies.
encourages curative interventions, accurate diagnosis and hospital admissions when needed.
assumes that practitioners will set therapeutic goals of personal growth and self-actualization for their clients.

Question 13 : The purpose in using a technique is to

facilitate movement.
impress clients with your creativity and skill.
help clients to rationalize their feelings.
trigger strong emotions.
All of the choices.

Question 14 : What critical ethical issue(s) is (are) associated with managed care?

informed consent
confidentiality
abandonment
All of the choices

Question 15 : Therapists cannot use the limitations of the managed care plan as a shield for failing to:

render crisis intervention.
make appropriate referrals.
request additional services from the managed care plan.
All of the choices

Question 16 : A theoretical orientation is best described as:

a rigid framework that provides specific steps of how to conduct a counseling session.
a set of general guidelines that counselors can use to make sense of what they are hearing and what needs to change.
a conceptualization of the intrapsychic structures that dictate a client's behavior.
a set of techniques that can be used to promote behavioral changes.

Question 17 : Of the following, which factor(s) is/are crucial to therapy outcomes?

the client's motivation
severity of the client's symptoms
client-therapist relationship factors
All of the choices

Question 18 : Which of the following statements is/are true regarding evidence-based practice?

It is synonymous with the term "empirically supported treatments."
Psychodynamic therapy falls under the category of evidence-based practice.
Therapeutic interventions that are not considered "evidence-based practices" are unethical.
All of the choices

Question 19 : ___________________________ uses assessment to understand the client's pattern of thinking and to identify self-defeating beliefs.

Feminist therapy
Cognitive-behavioral approaches
Behavior therapy
Systemic therapies

Question 20 : A utilization review may take place _______________________ treatment.

before
during
after
All of the choices
a and c

Question 21 : Which of the following statements has/have been supported by research?

Therapy is helpful to the majority of clients.
Most people achieve some change relatively quickly in therapy.
Generally speaking, therapies achieve similar outcomes.
All of the choices

Question 22 : The acronym DSM-IV-TR stands for

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Text Revision
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Typology Revisited
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Treatment and Remediation
Deviant Syndromes Manual: Treatment and Remediation

Question 23 : Which of the following tools is/are used to assist a practitioner in the process of psychodiagnosis?

Clinical interviewing
Observation
Psychometric tests
Rating scales
All of the choices

Question 24 : The clinical interview serves which of the following purposes?

Providing information on a client's presenting problems
Giving glimpses of historical factors that may be contributing to the client's condition
Providing a framework for making a differential diagnosis to determine whether an individual suffers from a particular mental disorder
All of the choices
None of the choices

Question 25 : Gillian believes that many symptoms stem from problems within the system, rather than originating in the individual. Based on this belief, it is likely that she practices

cognitive behavioral therapy
cognitive therapy
family systems therapy
psychoanalysis.