Part I

1. Which of the following factors contributed significantly to the astonishing growth in America's urban population between 1870 and 1900?

A. The annexation of the rural areas surrounding America's major cities

B. The migration of people from the rural areas of Europe and the United States

C. The dramatic increase in the American birthrate

D. The combination of a rising birthrate and urban annexation.

2. Along with the horse car, which mode of transportation first allowed late-nineteenth- century cities to expand into the suburbs?

A. Electric streetcar

B. Subway

C. Cable cars

D. Bus

3. Which of the following describes the amenities of American city life in the 1890s?

A. They came at great cost to immigrants and the poor.

B. They enriched political bosses more than urban communities.

C. They were equally available to people of all races and social classes.

D. They were not easily accessible to the poor residents of cities.

4. What development led to the emergence of the modern skyscraper in the 1890s?

A. The invention of the elevator

B. The advent of structural steel

C. The decline of corporate power

D. The advent of cast iron.

5. In the post-Civil War United States, a "city boss" was

A. an especially effective mayor who oversaw a large city as it industrialized.

B. a professional politician who provided public works and social services for new residents.

C. a corrupt politician who served primarily to benefit himself and his family.

D. a city councilor who had served at least three consecutive terms.

6. The period of the late nineteenth century in the United States is often referred to as the "Gilded Age." Gilded implies:

A. solid and pure. C. a deceptive outward appearance.

B. unproductive. D. filled with prosperity.

7. The subtreasury plan:

A. promoted deflation by withdrawing silver certificates from circulation.

B. was passes by Congress in 1890.

C. allowed fanners to secure low-interest government loans.

D. is correctly represented by all the above.

8. The Homestead Strike of 1892 was significant to the future of American labor because it:

A. was a successful strike by the United Mine Workers and caused a vast increase its membership.

B. influenced Congress to pass a bill on labor's right to collective bargaining.

C. crippled the power of the steel workers to unionize.

D. was the last successful case of management's use of violence to break a strike.

9. President Cleveland broke the Pullman strike on the grounds that it had

A. exposed the United States to foreign invasion.

B. interfered with the collection of taxes.

C. raised the possibility of open class warfare.

D. obstructed the delivery of the mail.

E. forced wealthy travelers to ride in ordinary passenger cars.

10. In the election of 1896:

A. William McKinley broke with tradition by barnstorming the country to win votes.

B. the Populists reluctantly supported the Democratic candidate for the presidency.

C. the biggest issue was the tariff.

D. all of the above are correct.

Part II: Fill-in-the-biank (2 points each)

1. The most important factor luring individuals from the country to the city in the late nineteenth century was the opportunity for

2. By the 1890s, most immigrants to the United States arrived from and

3. Most urban immigrants lived in

4. The most notorious of all city bosses was

5. Louis Sullivan was significant to American urban development as: an architect, especially of

Part III: Short answer questions (20 points each) Answer each question with four or more sentences.

1. How did technology transform the urban landscape of the United States in the late nineteenth century?

2. List the economic issues that sparked a crisis among farmers in the late nineteenth century.