Part 1: Baking Soda to Salt Experiment

Pre-Lab:

A group was doing the chemical reaction to change a carbonate into a chloride. They chose potassium carbonate, and used aqueous hydrochloric acid in the reaction. The products should be potassium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.

1. Write the chemical formula for each of the following:

a. potassium carbonate
b. aqueous hydrochloric acid
c. potassium chloride
d. carbon dioxide

2. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

They added two boiling chips to a clean dry test tube and weighed it. The mass was 26.79 g. Potassium carbonate was then added to the test tube, and the mass was recorded as 27.52 g.

3. What is the mass of the potassium carbonate?

Aqueous hydrochloric acid was added to the tube until the solid completely dissolved and the reaction was complete. The contents of the test tube were heated gently, and the water was evaporated. After the water was totally evaporated (no signs of condensation occurred), the tube was allowed to cool, and the mass was recorded again as 27.57 g.

4. What is the mass of the potassium chloride?

5. Calculate the molar mass of each of the following, showing your work.

a. potassium carbonate
b. potassium chloride

6. Calculate the number of moles of potassium carbonate used in this reaction.

7. Calculate the number of moles of potassium chloride formed in the reaction.

8. Calculate the ratio moles potassium chloride : moles potassium carbonate

Show your calculations and, if possible, show the ratio using small whole numbers.

9. Does the mole ratio that was just calculated correspond to the balanced chemical equation?

Part 2:

1. Calculate the number of moles in 52.94 g of europium, Eu.

2. Calculate the number of moles in 85.567 g of uranium(III) fluoride.

3. Calculate the mass, in grams, of 29.175 mol nickel.

4. Calculate the mass, in grams, of 6.15 mol Na₃PO₄.

5. A crystalline block of NaC1 has dimensions of 50.3 mm x 15.4 cm x 2.47 in. How many Cl^- ions are present? d (NaC1) = 2.16 g/cm³

6. The density of oleyl alcohol (C₁₈11₃₆0) is d (C₁₈11₃₆0) = 0.850 g/cm³. For a sample with volume 93.2 mL, how many moles of C are present?

7. Calculate the total number of C atoms in 8.03 mol of trinitrotoluene (TNT): CH₃C₆H₂(NO₂)₃.

8. Desatrine is a chemical used as an insecticide. Its chemical formula is C₃₆H₅₅N0₁₂. What is the mass percent composition of:

a. carbon, C

b. nitrogen, N

9. A compound used in leather tanning is composed of 44.77% C, 7.52% H, and 47.71% 0 by mass. What is the empirical formula of this compound?

10. A vasodilator compound contains 59.07% C; 7.63% H; 21.20% N; and 12.11% 0 by mass. What is the empirical formula of this compound?