Part 1-

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What best expresses the central thesis of Pico's Oration on the Dignity of Man, an essential example of Italian Renaissance humanism?

a. power should be used with cunning and ruthlessness

b. humans are free to define their own nature as brutish or divine

c. humanity is saved by the grace of a loving God

d. human weakness is to be gently denounced with laughter

2. Masaccio's The Tribute Money, a scene of Jesus and his disciples painted in the 1420s, is notable for its pioneering use of what technique or subject?

a. a pagan subject drawn from an ancient Roman poem

b. the subtle colors of oil paint on wood

c. atmospheric or aerial perspective

d. careful rendering of the nude human anatomy

3. How is the madrigal is best defined?

a. a popular song usually in four voices

b. the musical resting point that provides resolution

c. a form of improvisational theater originating in Italy

d. a part of the Christian mass as set to music

4. Which of these works might be said to possess the quality of terribilità-a fearsome power often attributed to Pope Julius II?

a. Michelangelo's Moses

b. the School of Athens

c. Donatello's David

d. Bramante's design for St. Peter's

5. Which might most reasonably be cited as a cause of the Reformation?

a. the discovery of territories in the New World

b. interest in reform of monasteries and convents

c. the poverty of Northern European peasants

d. Germans' resentment against the Church's corruption

6. Which of these values is associated with the "Protestant ethic?"

a. generous patronage of art in the Church

b. pursuit of individual freedom and choice

c. self-sacrifice and the virtues of work

d. preservation of traditional Church rituals

7. What Northern Renaissance artist was most actively engaged in the religious debates of the Reformation and the most influenced by Italian humanism?

a. Albrecht Dürer

b. Hans Holbein

c. Matthias Grünewald

d. Pieter Bruegel

8. Which artist was the author of the Four Books of Architecture, an important influence on later architectural classicism?

a. Jacopo Tintoretto

b. Giorgione

c. Andrea Palladio

d. Giovanni da Palestrina

9. Of the baroque qualities below, which is most clearly illustrated in Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Teresa, centerpiece of the Cornaro Chapel?

a. neoclassical preference for order and balance

b. fascination with modern science and mathematics

c. interest in religious emotion and human psychology

d. dynamism created by conflicting lines

10. Which of these statements best applies to Vivaldi's Four Seasons?

a. composed for the court of Louis XIV of France

b. applies recent innovations in the form of the aria

c. marks the origin of baroque opera in Germany

d. a masterpiece of the baroque concerto grosso

11. Jean-Baptiste Lully was a central figure in the development of what baroque art?

a. the self-portrait in oil

b. French opera and ballet

c. neoclassical architecture

d. the commedia dell'arte

12. Which of these figures is associated with the heliocentric theory of the universe, an important advance in the Scientific Revolution?

a. Nicolaus Copernicus

b. John Locke

c. René Descartes

d. Antonio Vivaldi

13. Whose most important work was a political treatise that helped justify the Glorious Revolution in England with his ideas of a balance between individual freedom and social order?

a. Thomas Hobbes

b. Molière

c. John Locke

d. Galileo

14. Which two artists are most closely associated with the rococo style in art?

a. Jacques Louis David and Thomas Jefferson

b. Peter Paul Rubens and Nicolas Poussin

c. Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Mozart

d. J.-H. Fragonard and Antoine Watteau

15. Which of these literary works is an example of the epistolary novel?

a. J.-J. Rousseau's Social Contract

b. Richardson's Pamela

c. Voltaire's Candide

d. Swift's Gulliver's Travels

16. What musical form did Mozart make successful and more appealing to wider audiences?

a. symphony

b. oratorio

c. opera

d. motet

17. What philosophical or religious idea exercised the greatest influence on Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence?

a. Thomas Hobbes' notion of the divine right of kings

b. the doctrine that all humans are prone to sin and error

c. the biblical idea of a covenant between God and the people

d. John Locke's concept of rights belonging to the people

18. Which of these works was most influenced by Lord Byron's vision of a rebellious and self- destructive hero?

a. Schubert's The Erlking

b. Delacroix's The Death of Sardanapalus

c. Beethoven's Symphony #5

d. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

19. Which of these was famed as a virtuoso pianist and composer of romantic nocturnes and preludes?

a. Frédéric Chopin

b. Robert Schumann

c. Hector Berlioz

d. William Blake

20. What romantic fascination was demonstrated in the literary genre of the Gothic novel?

a. joy in nature and human innocence

b. complex emotional problems and self-discovery

c. horror, supernatural occurrences and medieval settings

d. abstract stream of consciousness

21. Which example best illustrates the Victorian spirit of progress and the use of new industrial materials?

a. L. C. Tiffany's colored glass

b. Paxton's Crystal Palace

c. Manet's Luncheon on the Grass

d. Bonheur's The Horse Fair

22. In which work is the principle of "natural selection" a central concept?

a. Dickens' David Copperfield

b. Darwin's Origin of Species

c. Baudelaire's Flowers of Evil

d. J. S. Mill's On Liberty

23. In whose work would one expect to find a Leitmotif?

a. Henrik Ibsen

b. Georges Seurat

c. Richard Wagner

d. Claude Monet

24. What characteristic of the impressionist style is best illustrated by Renoir's Le Moulin de la Galette?

a. use of recurring formal shapes such as the cube and sphere

b. careful observation of the human figure in awkward postures

c. graphically realistic treatment of scientific and sporting subjects

d. gaiety of life communicated through light and color

25. Which would provide the best illustration of Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity, first published in 1905?

a. traveling in a spaceship from the earth at nearly the speed of light

b. rolling a pair of dice to simulate radioactive decay of an atom

c. the simultaneous points of view in a cubist painting

d. the arc of an apple dropped from a speeding plane

26. Who was closely associated with the Bauhaus school in Germany and was an important innovator in modern architecture?

a. Leni Riefenstahl

b. Walter Gropius

c. Charles Ives

d. Duke Ellington

27. Which statement best describes Picasso's Guernica as a work of art?

a. exalts the values of industrial civilization

b. celebrates the stylized symbols and rituals of Nazism

c. uses cubist abstraction to protest technological war

d. eloquently defends film's value as art

28. Who fashioned a system of teaching modern dance that made it as rigorous as classical ballet?

a. Isadora Duncan

b. Georgia O'Keeffe

c. Willa Cather

d. Martha Graham

29. What post-war American group of poets and novelists explored themes of rootlessness and the endless quest for meaning?

a. the Beats

b. the regionalists

c. the pop artists

d. the confessional poets

30. The term "pop art" is best applied to which work?

a. García Márquez' One Hundred Days of Solitude

b. Le Corbusier's Notre-Dame-du-Haut

c. Maya Lin's Vietnam War Memorial

d. Warhol's 200 Campbell's Soup Cans

31. What African-American musical form rose to prominence in the age of rock-and-roll and made its practitioners international pop stars?

a. fugue

b. rhythm-and-blues

c. raga

d. be-bop

32. Whose most important works were a series of ten plays depicting African-American experience in twentieth-century America?

a. August Wilson

b. Philip Glass

c. J. L. Borges

d. Donald Judd

Part 2-

RECEPTION AND INFLUENCE

1. Describe this artwork, in as much detail as possible, and analyze its importance as a comment on our modern cultural values. Be as specific and explanatory as you possibly can.

2. What relevance has this musical CD to other cultural works we have studied? What does the history of this work tell us about ourselves and our modern society? Be as specific and explanatory as you possibly can.

3. Describe this object, in as much detail as possible, and analyze its importance as a symbol of our modern society, with particular reference to the artwork and its relevance in the history of cultural transmission. Be as specific and explanatory as you possibly can.