Our course materials have noted how American urbanization, especially in the late 1800s and early 1900s, coincided with rapid industrialization and a surge of immigration from Europe, Asia, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, Latin America. These immigrants joined slaves and free people of African descent in growing United States cities.

Describe some ways that the presence of African Americans and immigrants from diverse origins might have impacted how middle-class citizens born and raised in the United States viewed urban challenges and possible solutions in the late 1800s and early 1900s.