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Organic Chemistry Questions on Nucleophilic Substitution

Questions:

1. In the purification process, the organic layer is washed sequentially with 2 M NaOH, water, and saturated aqueous sodium chloride. What is the purpose of each of these washes and why is cold 2 M NaOH recommended?

2. How would doubling the concentration of the nucleophile affect the rate of an SN2 reaction?

3. Specify the most electrophilic carbon atom in 1-butanol and rationalize your choice.

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