Hydrogen atoms that are bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom normally appear between 0.9 & 1.8 ppm and are said to be shielded. What would cause the hydrogen atoms bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom to be deshielded and appear downfield?
a. Resonance effect
b. Ring current
c. Inductive effect
d. n + 1 rule