problem1) Answer all the problems:

i) What happened when:

a) When acetaldehyde reacts with dilute NaOH.

b) When acetone reacts with formaldehyde and diethyl amine.

ii) Discuss acidic characteristics of carboxylic acids.

iii) prepare reaction mechanism of base promoted ester hydrolysis.

iv) prepare a short note on stereochemistry of amines.

v) How would you convert benzene diazonium chloride into benzene or into phenol.

problem2) Describe Aldol condensation with reaction mechanism and appropriate exs. How would you prepare chrotonaldehyde and mesityloxide using this condensation.

problem3) How tartaric acid is prepared, what would happen if it reacts with :

(a) Tollen reagent    

(b) Cone H₂SO₄

(c) Acetyl chloride    

(d) Pcl₅

problem4) describe the effect of structure and substituents on basic nature of amines