problem1) Answer all the problems:

a) Why does Mn(II) demonstrate maximum paramagnetic character amongst bivalent ions of first transition series?

b) Though copper, silver and gold atoms have completely filled sets of d-orbitals. Yet they are considered as transition metals. describe Why?

c) In transition series, starting from lanthanum (At. no. 57), next element hafnium has atomic number 57. Why do we observe this jump in atomic number?

d) Why are “f-block elements placed at bottom of the periodic tables? Provide the names of the series present in the block.

e) Of the ions Co2+, Sc3+ and Cr3+, which one is a good complexing agent? Give a appropriate reason for your answer.

problem2) What is lanthanide contraction? How does it occur? prepare down its consequences?

problem3) What are transition elements? Why do they show variable oxidation states?

problem4) How are ligands classified as unidentate, bidentate and poly dentate ligands? Describe with suitable ex?