Goodness of Fit Test and Contingency Tables

Births Records of random selected births were obtained a categorized according to the day of the week that they occurred (based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics). Because babies are unfamiliar our schedule of weekdays, a reasonable claim is that births occur on different days with equal frequency. See the table that follows. Use a 0.01 significance level to test that claim. Can you provide an explanation for the result?

Day    Sun    Mon    Tues    Wed    Thrus    Fri    Sat

# of Births    77    110    124    122    120    123    97

Is Seat Belt Use Independent of Cigarette Smoking? A study of seat belt users and nonusers yielded the randomly selected sample data summarized in the given table (based on data from "What Kinds of People Do Not Use Seat Belts?' by Helsing and Comstock, American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 67, No 11). Test the claim that the amount of smoking in independent of seat belt use. A plausible theory is that people who smoke more are less concerned about their health and safety and are therefore less inclined to wear seat belts. Is this theory supported by the sample data?

Number of Cigarettes Smoked per Day

0    1-14    15-34    35 and over

Wear Seat Belt    175    20    42    6

Don't Wear Seat Belt    149    17    41    9