ExamII
Catabolism Energy Release and Conservation
1. The sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell is called
A. anabolism.
B. catabolism.
C. metabolism.
D. none of the choices.
2. The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized anaerobically via the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway in prokaryotes is
A. 2.
B. 36.
C. 38.
D. 85.
3. The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized to pyruvate using Entner-Doudoroff pathway is
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. 0.
4. The pentose phosphate pathway produces
A. CO2.
B. NADPH.
C. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
D. all of the choices.
5. The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi, when coupled with an exergonic chemical reaction is called __________ phosphorylation.
A. chemiosmotic
B. oxidative
C. substrate-level
D. conformational change
6. The most common pathway for conversion of glucose to pyruvate is
A. Entner-Doudoroff.
B. Pentose phosphate.
C. Embden-Meyerhoff.
D. mixed acid fermentation.
7. The TCA cycle generates all of the following from each acetyl-CoA molecule oxidized except
A. three NADH molecules.
B. two CO2 molecules.
C. one FADH2 molecule.
D. one ATP molecule.
8. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex oxidizes and cleaves pyruvate to form one CO2 and
A. lactate.
B. isocitric acid.
C. acetyl-CoA.
D. succinyl-CoA.
9. In the TCA cycle, two carbons are removed from citric acid in the form of __________, thereby regenerating oxaloacetate to complete the cycle.
A. acetyl-CoA
B. ethanol
C. carbon dioxide
D. methanol
10. In the TCA cycle, two carbons in the form of __________ are added to oxaloacetate at the start of the cycle.
A. acetyl-CoA
B. ethanol
C. carbon dioxide
D. methanol
11. The major function(s) of the TCA cycle is(are)
A. energy production.
B. provision of carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of cell components.
C. electron transport.
D. energy production and provision of carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of cell components
12. Differences between mitochondrial and E. coli electron transport chains include the following:
A. The E. coli chain contains a different array of cytochromes.
B. The fundamental principles on which they operate are different.
C. Higher P/O values are observed in E. coli.
D. The electron transport change does not involve membranes in E. coli.
13. Which of the following is NOT true regarding ATP synthases?
A. They require proton motive force to make ATP.
B. They span the inner membrane of mitochondria.
C. The proton flow is outward during ATP synthesis.
D. The subunits of ATP synthase undergo conformational changes during ATP production.
14. The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is
A. 2.
B. 32.
C. 38.
D. 85.
15. Production of ATP using the energy liberated when electrons from reduced chemical bonds are passed through the electron transport system is generally referred to as __________.
A. chemiosmotic
B. respiration
C. substrate-level
D. conformational change
16. Mitochondrial electron transport takes place
A. on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
B. on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
C. in the fluid matrix of the mitochondria.
D. on the outer mitochondrial membrane and on the inner mitochondrial membrane
17. In higher eukaryotes, most aerobically generated ATP is produced by
A. glycolysis.
B. the TCA cycle.
C. a membrane bound proton translocating ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation.
D. all of these generate equal amounts of ATP.
18. The number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen that is reduced when electrons are passed from NADH or reduced FAD (FADH) to O2 is called the
A. utilization ratio.
B. energy yield.
C. P/O ratio.
D. phosphorylation coefficient
19. Fatty acids are metabolized by the __________ pathway.
A. alpha-oxidation
B. beta-oxidation
C. gamma-oxidation
D. delta-oxidatio
20. During breakdown of fatty acids, carbons are removed __________ at a time with each turn of the cycle, and two carbon units are released as __________.
A. one; carbon dioxide
B. one; methane
C. two; acetyl-CoA
D. two; ethanol
21. Amino acids are processed first by the removal of the amino group through
A. deamination.
B. transamination.
C. phosphorolytic cleavage.
D. deamination or transaminatio.
22. Which of the following may be used as sources of energy by chemolithotrophs?
A. hydrogen gas
B. reduced nitrogen compounds
C. reduced sulfur compounds
D. all of the choices
23. How many molecules of NADPH are needed to reduce one molecule of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate by oxygenic phototrophs during the dark reactions of photosynthesis?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 10-12
24. In the process of noncyclic photophosphorylation
A. water is split to form oxygen gas.
B. electrons from water flow through electron transport chains resulting in synthesis of ATP and ADPH.
C. photosystems I and II are both required.
D. all of the choices
25. Photosynthetic electron transport in cyanobacteria takes place
A. on the plasma membrane.
B. in the chloroplast
C. in the cytoplasm
D. on the thylakoid membranes.