ETHC 445 Final Exam
1. The idea that the assisted suicide of terminally ill patients should be allowed or assisted for the greater happiness of all concerned reflects what type of ethics?
Aristotle's Doctrine of the Mean
Kant's Categorical Imperative (in the 2nd Formulation)
Thomas Aquinas's concept of conscience
Rand's concept of self-interest
Mill's Principle of Utility
2. What is the moral ideal of prudence?
Taking a traditional approach to problematic situations
Choosing behavior judiciously by consulting experience
Taking care to slow down decision making
Avoiding risks
Resisting impulsiveness
3. One of the common errors in Ethics is unwarranted assumptions. Unwarranted assumptions consist of what?
Preconceptions before ethical dilemmas are confronted
Failing to read carefully and with attention to detail
Taking too much for granted
Speculating apart from information
Treating case studies carelessly
4. Prescriptive language used in ethical discussions is characterized by which of the following words?
Cannot be
Could be
Used to be
Should be
Must be
5. Each person ought to do whatever will best promote his or her own interests.
Utilitarianism
Kant's Categorical Imperative
Social Contract Theory
Ethical Egoism
Gilligan
6. "The right thing to do is to follow the rules that rational, self-interested people can agree to establish for their mutual benefit." This is a belief of what?
Ethical Egoism
Utilitarianism
Kant's Categorical Imperative
Social Contract Theory
Marxism
7. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created through a congressional enabling act as a governmental agency to act on the concerns voiced by environmental ethicists. Their actions include all of the following except for which one?
Subpoena regulation offenders
Monitor situations of environmental concern
Fine offenders
Sponsor new legislation on environmental issues
Confiscate property of offenders
8. Where in our course does the following phrase apply: "The only thing good without qualification is a good will"?
Personal habits of excellence according to Plato
The social contract according to Locke
Deontological ethics according to Mill
Natural law ethics according to Aquinas
Deontological ethics according to Kant
9. Which ethical concept is organized and directed toward following the greatest happiness principle?
Natural ethics and law
Justice and mercy
Rights and responsibilities
Virtue-ethics of excellence
Principle of utility
10. What is the purpose of proving whether a syllogism of formal logic is "valid"?
To identify the connecting phrase "therefore" or a synonym of it before proceeding further
To determine whether the situation described is accurate
To determine whether the premises are true before continuing
To determine whether the conclusion proceeds from the premises
To determine that there are only two premise statements in the syllogism
11. Solving a dilemma involves realizing what aspect of it?
You will never be satisfied that the right choice was made
Some choices of action are more realistic than others
In deciding to choose one action, the other possible choices will be lost
Not everybody involved will be happy with the choice
There may be significant personal costs to choosing
12. Where did Thomas Aquinas say that conscience originates?
Through the hard work of reasoning
Direct gift from God in all cultures through natural law
An a priori source
By observing the objects and actions of the world
An empirical response of guilt for past actions
13.The single criterion for making decisions in utilitarian ethics is what?
The experience of pleasure
Accounting for unintended consequences
Fiduciary interests to be honored
The amount of happiness produced
The principle to be honored
14. The Social Contract theorist whose troubled childhood was most clearly reflected in his theories was who?
Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Jefferson
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
15. Kant's concern that people choose to observe universal laws as their duty is expressed through what actions?
Their habits
Their maxims
Their desires
Their loves
Their loyalties
16. Personal development and discovery through the repetition of good acts and study of virtue characterizes what ethicist?
Plato
Aristotle
Luther
Augustine
Socrates
17. Professional codes of ethics and conduct provide what benefit for individuals who aspire to join the professions?
Scholarships of financial assistance
Background checking
Examples of ethical violations
Guidance to professional schools of the examination requirements for licensing
Assurance of employment and salary standards
18. Aristotle's Ethical Doctrine of the Mean measured personal virtues on a scale that included the virtue itself, the excess of it, and the deficiency of it.
If the virtue is COURAGE and the deficiency is COWARDICE, what is the excess?
Wisdom
Moderation
There is no excess
Recklessness
Love
19. In personal or organizational conflict, what benefits accrue to all parties when a leader or consultant employees one of the ethical conflict resolution models of Week 6?
Objectives of what winning the conflict means get refined and better understood
Conflict management gets slowed down and settled.
Conflict can be handled in a sequential, step-by-step manner ?
Parties can be reconciled without solving the issues
Personal relationships can be separated from issues
20. The Latin term a priori describes the origin of knowledge developed rationally, and the term a posteriori describes knowledge developed through observation and experience. What is an example of ethics is best described as discovered in an apostiori manner?
Social ethics
Care-based ethics
Consequentialist ethics
Theological ethics
Operational ethics