Part 1 Draw a Lewis structure for acyl chloride R-C(=O)-Cl and state its 3D-structure around the central atom (C). R is an acyl substituent.

I guess it just will be standard AX3 and be trigonal planar according to the VSEPR theory. Correct?

Part 2 In a substituent reaction will the leaving group (L=Cl- ) be substitute by a new substituent. Is the substituent in the carbonyl compound nucleophile or electrophile? Argue according to your answer in part 1.

Nucleophile. Cl- will be affinietied to the nuclei. Will be seen in the drawing above since Cl will have 7 electrons. Correct?

Are L=HCOO- (methanoate) better or worse leaving group compared to Cl- ?. Explain why it is better or worse.

A good leaving group is a weak base. So check up the pKa value and HCl have -9 and HCOOH have 3,75. Correct?

Part 3 Acryl chloride HC(=O)Cl can be produced by a substitution of methanoate HCOOH even if OH- is worse as a leaving group compared to Cl- . The reason why is that you can use thionyl chloride ClS(=O)Cl as a substitution reagent in a reaction where it also will HCl and SO2 will be arise. Write a balanced reaction formula?

Is this one correct HCOOH + ClSOCl = HCOCl + SO2 + HCl ?

Part 4 According to the the table, the driving force is because HCl and SO2 is gases Check this up with calculate the reaction enthalpy and reaction entropy at 298K. If you need more data will you have to check it up in a table work

ClS(O)Cl (aq): Delta Hf -785 (kJ/mol) Sm 220 (J/K/mol)

HC(O)Cl(aq) :Delta Hf -376.56 (kJ/mol) Sm 246.52 (J/K/mol)