Most cells use Na+/glucose symport transporter to move glucose against a concentration gradient into the cell according to the following equation

Glucose (out) + Na + (out) -------->Glucose (in) + Na + (in)

The energy for this uphill transport of glucose comes from coupling to the downhill direction of sodium movement.

Consider the above in the cell with the following condition

Inside Outside

Glucose 10 mM 0.5 mM

Na+ 50 mM 500 mM

Membrane potential = 0.1 V (negative side

Determine the free energy change associated with the above reaction (you might find it easier to first consider the movement of the two components of the system separately)