problem 1:

a) prepare the simultaneous determination of any two cations by using spectrophotometer. Describe in detail.

b) Describe the theory, instrumentation, principle and applications of Infrared Spectroscopy (IR).

problem 2:

a) describe the theory, instrumentation, principle and applications of the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). prepare its benefits over flame photometry.

b) prepare the principle, instrumentation and applications of fluorimetry. What are its benefits and drawbacks?

problem 3:

a) Describe the terms ‘over voltage’ and ‘decomposition potential’. prepare the basic principle and applications of amperometric titrations.

b) describe the theory, instrumentation principle and applications of the coulometry.

problem 4:

a) prepare the basic principle and applications of solvent extraction method. What factors will affect solvent extraction? What do you understand by chelate and ion associated systems?

b) describe the theory, instrumentation, working principle of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). prepare the benefits of HPLC over GLC.