Answer the following problems.

problem 1) Define the entropy of a system. Describe the entropy changes in reversible and irreversible process.

problem 2) Describe the significance of Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies? Derive Gibbs – Helmholtz equation?

problem 3) Describe partial molar properties ? Derive Gibbs – Duhem equation.

problem 4) Derive thermodyanamic derivation of phase rule and Raoult’s law.

problem 5) What are Miller Indices? Describe (100), (110) and (111) planes for a cubic crystal?

problem 6) Describe the measurement of radioactivity by G.M. Counters and scintillation counters.

problem 7) Describe the defects in crystals? prepare a detail note on Schottky and Frenkel defects and measurement of lattice energy?

problem 8) Defineradioactive disintegration level and radioactive equilibrium? Derive the relationship between Decay constant and half-life period of a radioactive element?

problem 9) Describe the differences between physical adsorption and chemisorption. Derive Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

problem 10) What are micelles? Describe the micellar mechanism with suitable ex. State different types of micelles with exs.