Answer the following problems.

problem 1) State and describe Poggendorff’s principle. prepare down the advantages of potentiometric titrations over ordinary indicator methods.

problem 2) prepare in detail on amperometric titrations.

problem 3) Give the account on principles of solvent extraction.

problem 4) What do you mean by ion exchange? Describe with suitable exs. How can you use this technique in water treatment?

problem 5) Describe in detail about the basis of colorimetry.

problem 6) Give the account of base line method in IR spectroscopy.

problem 7) prepare a detail note on the applications of colorimetry with particular reference to phosphate and iron (Fe2+and Fe3+)

problem 8) prepare down the factors affecting fluorescence and phosphorescence?

problem 9) What are the different types of errors occur in flame photometry?

problem 10) Describe in detail the applications of atomic absorption spectroscopy.