1) The term that applies to whether or not a process can be continued
indefinitely is:
A) stewardship.
B) science.
C) equity.
D) sustainability.
E) globalization.

2) Concern for the unfair concentration of waste sites and other hazardous activities in areas that are populated by poor or minorities is:
A) sustainable growth.
B) globalization.
C) environmental justice.
D) sustainable development.
E) sound science.

3) A natural resource can be considered sustainable if:
A) the resource is not harvested.
B) it is a population of living organisms that is sustained by reproduction.
C) the rate of harvest is greater than the rate at which the resource is
renewed.
D) the resource is harvested at a maximum rate.
E) the rate of harvest does not exceed the rate at which the resource is replaced or renewed by natural processes.

4) Which of the following best describes the elements of all scientific investigation?
A) models, theories, shaping principles
B) observations, data, experiments, theories
C) observations, data, models, theories
D) data, theories, shaping principles
E) data, objectivity, worldview

Your weekly budget for the five-day workweek is twenty dollars. Lunch costs $2.00 per day, drinks $1.00. Gasoline for commuting to work costs $10.00 for the week.

5) Using the information above, match the statement with the correct step
in the scientific method. "I carpool with my neighbor and save $5.00 per week in fuel costs."
A) hypothesis
B) theory/revised hypothesis/conclusion
C) observation/problem
D) experiment

6) The case study of Easter Island demonstrates that:
A) failure to achieve sustainability may result in highly undesirable consequences.
B) sustainability cannot be achieved on an island.
C) no society can achieve a sustainable state.
D) sustainability cannot be achieved if the population is growing.
E) sustainability can only be achieved if there are a lot of natural resources to exploit.

7) The most likely explanation for the collapse of the Rapa Nui society of
Easter Island is:
A) population growth.
B) epidemic disease.
C) an unstable society brought on by overexploitation of natural resources.
D) crop failure.
E) lack of wood to make boats.

8) Light provides plants with
A) organic matter.
B) vitamins.
C) energy.
D) carbon dioxide
E) chemical nutrients.

9) Which of the following is NOT a consumer?
A) an oak tree
B) a fish
C) a deer
D) a clam
E) an insect

10) Consider a plant growing in an environment where all abiotic factors for
growth are ideal EXCEPT one single factor that is too high (above its limit of tolerance). How would this most likely affect the plant's growth?
A) the plant will adapt
B) since it's only one factor, it would not affect growth
C) there is no way of predicting what will happen
D) the plant will die
E) the plant will become sick and then recover

11) Which of the following would be considered INORGANIC?
A) dead organisms
B) complex molecules that make up tissues of living organisms
C) wood and leather
D) living organisms
E) nitrogen, and water

12) The feeding relationships among plants and animals and among various animals in a biotic community is called a:
A) biomass.
B) food web.
C) trophic level.
D) niche.
E) symbiosis

13) The major categories of organisms that make up the trophic structure of ecosystems are:
A) producers and consumers.
B) consumers, detritus feeders, and decomposers.
C) fungi, bacteria, and decomposers.
D) consumers, producers, detritus feeders, and decomposers.
E) autotrophs, chemosynthetic organisms, and photosynthetic organisms.

14) Fats and sugars supply your body with mainly:
A) energy.
B) vitamins.
C) salts.
D) minerals.
E) protein.

15) "Nitrogen fixation" refers to:
A) releasing nitrogen to the air.
B) animals releasing nitrogen in their urine.
C) applying fertilizer.
D) converting nitrogen gas to chemical forms which plants can incorporate.
E) repairing broken molecules.

16) Which of the following is not a pool, or reservoir for phosphorus in the
biosphere?
A) dissolved phosphate in water
B) the atmosphere
C) organic phosphate in plants
D) soil minerals
E) phosphate rock

17) Which of the following is released by bacteria and fungi in the decomposi tion of plant and animal wastes?
A) mineral nutrients
B) glucose
C) potential energy
D) cellulose
E) oxygen

18) ________ is the natural process responsible for converting atmospheric inorganic carbon to the organic forms of carbon found in living systems.
A) Decomposition
B) Cell respiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Fermentation
E) Weathering

19) Abandoned farmland usually reverts back to forest. This process of forest regeneration is called:
A) bioremediation.
B) primary succession.
C) secondary succession
D) biorestoration.
E) climax community

20) The maximum population density that a habitat can support without experi encing long-term degradation is called:
A) carrying capacity.
B) critical number.
C) replacement level.
D) population equilibrium.
E) population dynamic.

21) Increased resistance in bacteria after repeated exposure to antibiotics is due to:
A) artificial selection.
B) natural selection.
C) increased biotic potential.
D) speciation.
E) reduced environmental resistance.

22) Periodic fires can change the species make-up of forest communities
primarily because:
A) fires are damaging to all forests.
B) fires are a natural part of the biosphere.
C) the combustion of wood releases nutrients into the soil.
D) tree species vary greatly in their tolerance to fire.
E) broad-leaf trees compete with pines and other conifers.

23) The population profile of a developing country such as Iraq has the shape of a:
A) pear, small end down.
B) pyramid.
C) inverted pyramid.
D) column.
E) pear, large end down.

24) Most developed nations are in what phase of the demographic transition?
A) low birth rate, low death rate
B) low birth rate, high death rate
C) high birth rate, high death rate
D) high birth rate, low death rate
E) high birth rate, moderate death rate

25) Which of the follow statements concerning rapid population growth and economic
progress is correct?
A) growth of public services and economic growth are unrelated
B) the need to provide public services competes for capital that is needed for economic growth
C) rapid population growth stimulates greater public services
D) rapid population growth leads to greater public services and economic growth
E) rapid population growth stimulates economic growth