Citing Sources of Information

You dont need to do number 1, 2, and 3. please fine the answer and do citation and reference.

Answer the questions of the below Exercise 4. Cite your sources as required by the English 202 Style Guide, and add a complete reference listing for each unique source in the References section at the end of the document.

Because some students get confused about what date to use for a source when there is no publication date shown (often the case for online sources), here is an example that shows you what to do:

• You are researching John Millar Carroll, who, ironically, is mentioned in the exercise file. (Imagine the coincidence!)

• Not having studied technical communication extensively, you are unlikely to revere John in the same fawning manner as do we who value science as a basis for writing and editing decisions. You Google "John MillarCarroll," and one of the first results is http://ist.psu.edu/directory/faculty/jmc56, a page in the Pennsylvania State University, College of Information and Sciences Technology, faculty directory.

• Not wanting to write "Pennsylvania State University" in the citation, you shorten the citation to say (Penn State Year).

• But what year do you use? To be technically precise, you scroll down the page to the page footer and see that the page was copyrighted in 2016. Accordingly, the citation becomes (Penn State 2016). (If there were no copyright date shown, you would have used the year you accessed the page, which is 2016.)

• In the references section of your document, you provide the full source listing, which consists of "Name. Year. Article Title. Publisher. Web address and access date." You end up with something like "Penn State. 2016. John Carroll. Pennsylvania State University. Available at http://ist.psu.edu/directory/jmc56." (Notice the separators between items are periods--not commas or semicolons. It is a small thing, but small details matter.)

As a general rule, place the citation in the topic sentence of the paragraph in which you first mention the source. The reader will naturally assume that the supporting sentences also derive from the same source, so you do not need to cite the source repeatedly for each statement unless you switch to a difference source. As long as it is clear that you are still discussing the same source, you can continue the discussion into successive paragraphs without adding in-text citations.

Exercise 4: Citing Sources of Information

As professionals, it is vital that we always provide sources for the information we present:

• Citing sources is an ethical obligation to fellow authors. Nobody "just knows" stuff; we all learn from others, and we are acting unethically if we do not give fair credit to those from whom we learned.

• Citing sources establishes credibility and allows readers to check our work. Savvy technical readers do not just accept statements of fact without checking those facts.

To give you practice in citing sources, answer the following questions using complete sentences. You can simply type your answer in the space below each question. (I have answered the first question for you to provide an example of what I expect. Each response is formatted using the style Body Text Indent; do not use a different style.)

Cite sources using an (Author Year) citation in the response and add a complete reference listing for each source in the References list at the end of the document.(For examples of correct citations and reference listings, see the English 202 Style Guide.)

1. According to Tebeaux and Dragga, how does inadvertent plagiarism differ from intentional plagiarism?

Intent makes no difference. Tebeaux and Dragga (2015 p45) state that "intentions are immaterial." Using the words of another without providing credit is still plagiarism, even if done unintentionally.

Notice how the citation in the sentence above is simplified to (Year) rather than (Author Year). When the author has just been mentioned in the sentence, just cite the year of publication or access.

Notice also that a page number was given because the source is a lengthy document.

2. When borrowing a substantial portion of an original source, what, according to Tebeaux and Dragga, are your ethical and legal duties?

3. What permission do you need to use material in the public domain?

4. How do Tebeaux and Dragga define false implication?

5. Who is John Millar Carroll?(Did you read the example in the exercise description?)

6. What was the mythical Nurnberg (or Nuremberg) Funnel?

7. What is a mobile phone external battery pack?

8. What is the mass of Jupiter relative to Earth? (In other words, what is the ratio of Jupiter's mass to Earth's mass?)

9. Based on 2015 data, which five countries (not unions) have the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

10. What is the height, in feet, of the tallest building in Boise?

References (remember to alphabetize by author)

Tebeaux E and Dragga S. 2015. The Essentials of Technical Communication, Third Edition. Oxford University Press. New York.