Case Study: Gastrointestinal

Directions: Kyle is a 28-year-old who is experiencing lower abdominal discomfort and frequent diarrhea (more than 15 bowel movements per day).

Kyle reports that he has experienced episodes of loose stool, but it seems to be getting worse. He also reports having lost 15 pounds in the past month. His physician instructs him to visit the gastroenterologist for a colonoscopy.

The colonoscopy reveals inflammation in the rectum, sigmoid colon, ascending colon, and ileum.

What might be Kyle's diagnosis?

As a nurse, what further assessments would you perform?

Please use APA format and 500 words

Case:Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney which is caused due to the bacteria which transmitted from the bladder infection to the kidney, and also causes infection in the ureter, renal parenchyma and renal pelvis. The Bacterium Escherichia coli is the bacteria which is the main cause of Pyelonephritis.

The factors that contribute to the Pyelonephritis infection is the urinary tract, obstruction in the urinary tract with the vesicoureteral reflux, nerve problems affecting the bladder, stones in the kidney and a bladder tumour.

Pyelonephritis symptoms:

Person suffering due to Pyelonephritis infection feels flank pain in the area between the lower ribs and the hips. Fever along with chills, vomiting and nausea are the presence of puss due to bacterial infection can also be observed (Cutler, 2006).

In this case Ms. Cornwall had a focal bacterial infection of her renal pelvis, calyces, and medulla. The bacterial invasion triggers an inflammatory mediator. This severe pyelonephritis results in the formation of the abscess and necrosis whose occurrence is seen in the medulla. With the healing the scars tissues are also formed. The urine, which comes from the glomeruli mixes with inflammatory bacteria present in the renal pelvis and tubules and calyces having an extensive bacterial infection. This leads to the presence of white blood cells and presence of puss is also observed in the urine with bacteria. And in the urine culture test a substance added support the bacteria to grow diagnoses the presence of the Pyelonephritis infection in the patient (Cutler, 2006).

Treatment:

In case of most of the patients, the prognosis with acute pyelonephritis is in fact very good, when the infection is diagnosed at an early stage. The patient is cured in case the urine is sterile for a year. Recurrent kidney infection can also result into bacterial invasion of the bacteraemia, chronic pyelonephritis with even scarring of both of the kidneys (Castner, 2013).

References:
Castner, D. (2013). A closer look at pyelonephritis. Nursing, 43(10), 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000434322.10150.26
Cutler, K. (2006). Clinical: Pyelonephritis. Livestock, 11(2), 20-23.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3870.2006.tb00010.x