Question: Complete the following questions related to calculating measures of risk;
[A] Utilizing data described in the following table, calculate the relative risk for the following; Are women who are undergoing in-vitro fertilization more likely to suffer a miscarriage in the first trimester if they have bacterial vaginosis? State your findings (include calculations with your response).
Miscarriage in First Trimester ( Disease)
|
|
Yes
|
No
|
Total
|
|
Positive
|
(a)
|
(b)
|
(a +b)
|
|
Vaginosis
|
22
|
39
|
61
|
|
Negative
|
(c)
|
(d)
|
(c +d)
|
|
Vaginosis
|
27
|
119
|
146
|
|
Total
|
a + c = 49
|
b + d = 158
|
a + b + c + d = 207
|
[B] The following table reports data related to the effect of greatly threatening life events on the development of breast cancer for women aged 20-70 undergoing biopsy for a suspicious lesion. Women who answered yes had at least one greatly threatening life event in the previous five years (risk factor).
Breast Cancer ( Disease)
|
|
Yes
|
No
|
Total
|
|
Yes - RF
|
(a)
19
|
(b)
15
|
(a +b)
34
|
|
No - RF
|
(c)
22
|
(d)
63
|
(c +d)
85
|
|
Total
|
a + c = 41
|
b + d = 78
|
a + b + c + d = 119
|
Find the odds ratio and complete the following:
Women who have experienced one or more greatly threatening life events in the past five years are ______ more likely to develop breast cancer than those who have not.