Calculate the change in internal energy of the system and determine whether the process is endothermic or exothermic: a) a balloon is heated by adding 850J of heat. It expands, doing 382J of work on the atmosphere. b) a 50-g sample of water is cooled from 30 degrees Celsius to 15 degrees Celsius, thereby losing approximately 3140J of heat. c) A chemical reaction releases 6.47 kJ of heat and does no work on the surroundings.