Assignment : Instructions

Assignment Overview
Technical Writing Department of English University of Texas at Arlington

Instructions are among the most common types of document in technical writing. Instructions are everywhere informing readers how to make, assemble, or create something. You may have followed instructions on how to log onto a computer at work, to download and use an App on your smart phone, or to make a gourmet dinner at home following recipes. It is likely that you will create them often in your career if not as a formal document then at least in a variety of informal written and oral communications.

The differences among instructions, process descriptions, and procedures:

• Instructions inform readers how to assemble, make, create something or perform a specific task.
• Process descriptions tell how something works (for example, how a drug works to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies). While instructions are about how to use something, descriptions are about how that thing works (e.g., how to take a prescription drug vs. how that drug works in the human body).
• Procedures are standardized ways of doing things in organizations.

For this assignment, you should focus on creating clearly written, well designed, and effectively illustrated instructions. Assignment Guidelines Choose a Technical or Scientific Topic. Begin by reviewing Gurak & Lannon, Chapter 13: Instructions and Procedures. You will choose your own topic for this assignment. In order to give you the practice in technical writing, your must choose a technical or scientific topic. Ideally, a topic requiring a series of steps for assembly or various specific tasks to complete is best. A topic relevant to nursing may be a good idea, but such a topic is not required. Consider your hobbies and interests or various topics you know well. Choose a topic involving 10 or more steps. The following are just a few examples of instructions projects from previous classes:

• Setting Up a Small Network in Your Home or Office
• Building and Hosting Your Own Web site
• Detailing Your Car
• Creating a Backyard Butterfly Garden
• Designing and Installing a Solar Heating System in Your Home
• Helping Parents Apply First Aid
• Assembling a Skateboard
• Grooming a Horse
• How to Change an Electrical Outlet
• How to Bid an Acoustical Ceiling Project
• How to Sew an A-Line Skirt Write to a Specific Audience.

Must specify an audience for your instructions. In most instances, your audience should be a novice audience-someone who has never performed the task before. Sample audiences for the instructions mentioned above include home computer owners, gardeners, small business owners, and parents. Acknowledge all Sources. If you use any sources for your instructions, acknowledge your sources on an APA references page and include this page with your instructions (see Gurak & Lannon, Appendix A: Documentation Sources). If you use or adapt illustrations from another source, place the source directly below each illustration.

Warning Against Copying Instructions!
You should write the instructions yourself. DO NOT simply copy instructions you found elsewhere (on a how-to Website, in your nursing textbook) and cite the source. That is not the idea of this assignment. The idea is that you will write your own instructions telling your audience how to complete a task with which you are familiar, so familiar, in fact, that writing a set of instructions for it should be pretty easy. That isn't to say you are not allowed to consult secondary sources; if you need to, you may. But do make sure that you are writing the instructions yourself.

If you transcribe (copy) instructions you found elsewhere, you cannot get a 60 or above on this assignment, even if you cite the sources.

If more than 30% of your paper is copied from other sources, your assignment will receive a 0, even if the sources are properly documented.

Required Sections for the Instructions

Regardless of your task, you must include all of the following contents.
• Introduction. Here you'll provide your reader with the following information:
o The audience in terms of its knowledge and need for the instructions.
o What the instructions will allow readers to do.
o What skill level the audience should have to perform the task successfully. o An overview of the steps needed to complete the task.
o A sense of how long the task will take.
o Where they should perform the task (i.e. in a well ventilated area, outside,
on a flat surface, etc.).

List of Materials, Tools, or Ingredients

Illustrations (Diagrams, Drawings, Photographs, Figures, or Tables). o Include captions for each illustration or figure. o Label charts and diagrams clearly.

o If you used illustrations from other sources, place the source directly below each illustration. The sources of your illustrations must be fully documented in APA style on the Reference page.

• List of Steps, in chronological order.
o Make sure your instructions have 10 or more steps.
o Make sure you use the imperative mood. (That is, say this: "Attach the red
wire" rather than this: "The red wire is attached." With the second phrase, readers will not know whether the wire is already attached or if they need to attach it.)
o Each step must be a specific action, ("Turn the knob one complete turn.") and not an elaboration or comment ("Turning the knob will result in a better fit.").
o Each step may only be one or two sentences.
o Use second person (you) in instructions.
o Include warnings or cautions before readers will encounter problems. o Make sure steps are phrased in parallel form.

• Troubleshooting or Tips.

And, if needed, your instructions should also contain:
•Warnings
•Glossary of terms
•References
•Appendixes Document Design and Illustrations Give careful thought to illustrations and design elements that will make your instructions effective.
•Make sure all of your steps are numbered throughout.
•Single-space the text in the paragraphs.
•Must include at least two illustrations in your instructions. You may create your own, or adapt illustrations from other sources. Make sure you provide source information for all illustrations immediately below each illustration. (For example, for any photos you took: "Source: photo by author." For any illustrations from other sources: "Source: Website (or other resource)."
•Use as many of the four basic design principles as possible (Contrast, Repetition, Alignment, Proximity).
•Design your document for consistency (grid patterns, margins, justification, white space, indentation, font style and size).
•Design your document for navigation and emphasis (headings, color, shading, boldface, italic, and underlining, bulleted and numbered lists).

Note: Must use a two-column format or some other format rather than just a full-page format on each page for the text, illustrations, and design elements.