Idempotent
A linear transformation L:V->V is said to be idempotent if L dot L = L. If L is idempotent, show that there exists a basis S={a1,a2,...,an} for V such that L(ai)=ai for i= 1,2,...,r and L(aj) = 0v for j= r+1,...,n, where r= p(L). Describe the matrix representing L with respect to the basis S.