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(a) Calculate the energy released in the alpha decay of ²³²Th.

(b) What fraction of the mass of a single ²³²Th is destroyed in the decay? The mass of ²²⁸Ra is 228.031064 u.

(c) Although the fractional mass loss is large for a single nucleus, it is difficult to observe for an entire macroscopic sample of uranium. Why is this?

I) Macroscopic samples contain mainly non-decaying isotopes.

II) ²³²Th decays very slowly.

III) The reverse reaction occurs simultaneously.

IV) ²²⁸Ra decays simultaneously.

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