1. The need for managers in the many new businesses of the late 1800s contributed significantly to the growth of
a. the middle class.
b. America's expanding debt.
c. payroll clerks.
d. big business.
e. company takeovers.
2. How did business owners respond to the growth of unions and the labor movement?
a. They cut wages and hours.
b. They appealed to Congressmen to outlaw unions.
c. They required workers to sign yellow dog contracts or created blacklists.
d. They planted spies among union members.
e. They promoted suspected organizers to the management level, thereby negating their union membership
3. Among the American Federation of Labor's successes were all of the following except
a. setting a new standard workday from ten to eight hours.
b. serving as an umbrella for the many craft unions.
c. arbitrating disputes to ensure worker solidarity rather than competition between different groups of workers.
d. becoming the leading labor organizations in the 1880s by appealing to middle class Americans as well as the working class.
e. The AFL achieved all of these successes.
4. One of the earliest American preservationists was
a. Andrew Carnegie.
b. Jay Gould.
c. John Muir.
d. John D. Rockefeller.
e. Thomas Edison.
5. As the Industrial Revolution progressed in America, all of the following occurred except
a. Cities grew rapidly.
b. People moved from farms to cities.
c. Immigration became less important to America.
d. Large-scale corporate firms dominated the American economy.
e. Family businesses became less important to America's economy.
6. The Tweed Ring, working out of Tammany Hall, was
a. a political machine designed to help workers get jobs.
b. famously run by "Boss William Tweed," the leader of the dominant Democratic political organization or "machine" in New York City.
c. a Chicago political machine.
d. noted for helping the poor and the destitute.
e. a haven for newly arrived immigrants.
7. Racism was a particularly important incentive for poor white voters supportive of the Democratic ticket in the South because
a. keeping black people as an underclass in southern society was important to poor whites' sense of self-worth and economic well-being.
b. poor southern whites had too often suffered the arrogant abuse from free blacks in Southern cities.
c. poor southern whites lacked the education to understand the true equality of people of all colors.
d. poor whites stood to gain economically from the plight of black Southerners
8. The Haymarket strike led to:
a. the founding of the Knights of Labor.
b. growing anti-union sentiment nationwide.
c. increased union membership across the country.
d. new government policies about arresting strikers.
e. a huge victory for the American Federation of Labor.
9. Vertical integration meant
a. buying up all competitors.
b. breaking up older but less competitive monopolies.
c. owning all aspects of production and distribution under one corporate organization, from accessing and owning the raw materials, to the production of the good(s), to the delivery of the finished product(s) to the consumer.
d. creating a business model that would allow for mass production.
e. buying just enough shares in a publicly traded company so as to control it.
10. Although corrupt, New York's Tammany Hall appealed to
a. big business looking to boost profits.
b. recent immigrants and job seekers.
c. state government seeking a system for granting contracts.
d. reformers seeking to improve the social landscape.
e. Congressmen looking to get rich.