1. Which statement is true about atom-ion sizes?

 A) positive ions are smaller than the atoms from which they are made

 B) negative ions are the same size as the atom from which they are made

 C) positive ions larger than the atoms from which they are made

 D) negative ions are smaller than the atoms from which they are made

2. Which is expected to form a negative ion?

 A) K

 B) Ne

 C) Na

 D) F

3. Which of the following matches the meaning of the term condensation in terms of changes in states of matter?

 A) solid? liquid

 B) liquid? gas

 C) gas? liquid

 D) liquid? solid

4. Which substance is most likely to have covalent bonds between atoms?

 A)  AICI₃

 B) KBr

 C)  MgF2

 D)  PCI₃

5. Why is carbon monoxide toxic to mammals?

 A) it acts as a neurotoxin

 B) inhibits oxygen binding to hemoglobin

 C) causes restriction of the airway

 D) it is very addictive

6. Which atmospheric region contains the protective ozone layer?

 A) troposphere

 B) mesophere

 C) stratosphere

 D) thermosphere

7. Which pollutant is related to the following sources: sea salt, automobile and truck exhaust, volcanoes, electric power plants?

 A) lead

 B) sulfur dioxide

 C) carbon monoxide

 D) particulates

8. What name is given to the sum of neutrons and protons in an atom's nucleus?

 A) atomic number

 B) mass number

 C) isotope number

 D) atomic mole mass

9. Which element is found in Group IIA - in Period 4?

 A) magnesium, Mg

 B) zinc, Zn

 C) calcium, Ca

 D) potassium, K

10. An example of a homogeneous mixture is

 A) oil in water

 B) a salt water solution

 C) a suspension

 D) a pure substance

11.What is the greenhouse effect?

 A) solar radiation is trapped and reemitted as heat

 B) the increase in plant material

 C) UV radiation is absorbed and reemitted as heat

 D) all of these

12. Which is not a greenhouse gas?

 A)  CO₂

 B)  H₂O

 C) CO

 D)  CH₄

13. In a photochemical reaction

 A) the chemical reaction is energized by light

 B) nitrogen dioxide must be present

 C) ozone is always formed

 D) none of the above

14. Which is necessary for a chemical reaction to occur?

 A) reactant molecules must collide

 B) collisions must be of a certain energy

 C) neither a nor b

 D) both a and b

15. Preserving food by freezing controls reaction rates by

 A) decreasing the number of collisions

 B) increasing concentration

 C) changing the number of effective reactant collisions

 D) both a and c are correct

16. Which will have the largest molar mass?

 A) 1 mol of Ar, argon

 B) 1 mol of CO, carbon monoxide

 C) 1 mol of N2, nitrogen

 D) 1 mol of Sn, tin

17. What is the weight of one mole of water molecules, H2O? The atomic weight of hydrogen is 1 and the atomic weight of oxygen is 16.

 A)  18gh2o

 B)  18H₂O

 C) 6.02* 

 D)   6.20*

18. Which of the following pollutants does not contribute to acid rain?

 A)  SO₂

 B)  NO₂

 C)  CO₂

 D)  O₃

19. Identify the endothermic process

 A) water condensing

 B) ?H = -500 cal

 C) freezing water

 D) sublimation of dry ice

20. Oxygen

 A) is more soluble in warm water than in cold water

 B) is not required to metabolize organic material in water

 C) does not react with water pollutants

 D) is more soluble in cold water than in warm water

21. What is a bleaching agent?

 A) oxidizes colored chemicals

 B) reduces colored chemicals

 C) oxidizes bleach

 D) removes salts from hard water

22. Which of the following might prevent corrosion of iron?

 A) a water spray

 B) a coating of zinc

 C) acid treatments

 D) salt solutions

23. Free radicals are particles that

 A) have an unpaired electron

 B) act as oxidizing agents

 C) grab another electron from a neighboring molecule

 D) all of the above

24. 24. Which reactant substance is the base, in the following reaction,NH3(g) + H2O( l) ? NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) ?

 A) OH-

 B)  NH^4-

 C)  H₂O

 D)  NH₃

25. Which of the following indicates a basic solution?

 A) pH = 7

 B) pH < 7

 C) pH = 11

 D) pH = 0

26. What is the pH for a solution with hydrogen ion molarity of 0.01?

 A) -2

 B) 2

 C) 100

 D)  10²

27. Which pair would make a good buffer?

 A) H+/OH-

 B) Na+ /Cl-

 C)  HP₄²/PO₄³

 D) Na+ /OH-

28. Which hydrocarbon is the principal component of natural gas?

 A) methane

 B) benzene

 C) ethylene

 D) isooctane

29. All combustion reactions of fossil fuels

 A) give off energy

 B) are complete combustions with oxygen

 C) are endothermic reactions

 D) are l00% efficient

30. Which fossil fuel burns cleaner and more completely?

 A) coal

 B) natural gas

 C) petroleum

 D) wood

31. What type of particle is emitted when a U-235 decays to Np-235?

 A) alpha particle

 B) beta particle

 C) neutron

 D) helium nuclei

32. Which is generally not associated with nuclear reactions?

 A) outer electrons

 B) atomic number

 C) atomic mass

 D) the nucleus

33. Which statement is not true about fission?

 A) combination of atomic nuclei

 B) process requires initiation by a neutron

 C) a chain reaction

 D) products have smaller nuclei than reactants

34. Vulcanized rubber which was first produced by Goodyear in 1839

 A) is poly-trans-isoprene

 B) contains short chains of sulfur atoms as crosslinks between polymers

 C) has chlorine atoms substituted for hydrogen atoms

 D) is a copolymer

35. What element is used to form cross links between polymer chains in Vulcanized rubber?

 A) sulfur

 B) silicon

 C) carbon

 D) oxygen

36. Amino acids that the body cannot synthesize from other molecules are called

 A) necessary amino acids

 B) essential amino acids

 C) natural amino acids

 D) prized amino acids

37. Carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA are all

 A) C, H, and O compounds only

 B) inorganic compounds

 C) polymers

 D) helical structures

38. Digestion converts carbohydrates into

 A) amino acids

 B) fatty acids

 C)  CO₂ and H₂O

 D) monosaccharides

39. Consider a food that yields 300 kcal per serving of which 100 kcal are from fat. What is the percent from fat?

 A) 9 X 300 X 100

 B) (100 / 300) X 100

 C) (300 / 100) X 100

 D) [(300 - 100) / 300] X 100

40. The digestion of fats results in?

 A) amino acids

 B) fatty acids plus glycerol

 C)  CO2 and H2O

 D) monosaccharides

41. An antimetabolite drug for cancer is

 A) nitroglycerin

 B) cyclophosphamide

 C) sulfanilamide

 D) methotrexate

42. Which of the following is the female sex hormone?

 A) progesterone

 B) testosterone

 C) cortisone

 D) cholesterol

43. Caffeine has an LD50 oral rat of 200 mg/kg body weight. How many milligrams per rat would be needed to kill 50% of test population for rats with a body mass of 0.500 kg?

 A) 10000

 B) 2000

 C) 100

 D) 4

44. Which of the following metals is recovered from sea water?

 A) magnesium

 B) iron

 C) copper

 D) both b and c

45. Which material is structurally stronger?

 A) pig iron

 B) cast iron

 C) steel

 D) iron oxide

47. Superconductivity is the result of

 A) lower electrical resistance

 B) increases in available energy

 C) higher concentrations of electrical charge

 D) higher levels achieved in the purity of copper

48. Which is a property of DDT?

 A) chlorine free

 B) fat-soluble

 C) high toxicity to mammals

 D) chemically unstable

49. If only very small amounts of a nutrient are required by a plant, it is referred to as a

 A) primary nutrient

 B) micronutrient

 C) subnutrient

 D) secondary nutrient

50. A quick-release fertilizer depends on what factor in getting soil nutrients immediately into the soil?

 A) catalysis

 B) temperature

 C) pressure

 D) solubility