1. Which of the following is an example of new economic divisions in the European peasantry that began to occur during the fifteenth century?

A. Peasants living in the Balkans became freer.

B. Peasants throughout Europe became poorer.

C. Peasants living west of the Elbe River became freer.

D. Peasants living east of the Elbe River became freer.

2. The most important outcome of the Mongol peace was the

A. establishment of a stable, coherent government across Eurasia.

B. transfer of goods and technology from the East to the West.

C. spread of Islam.

D. spread of Western ideas to the East.

3. What was the most effective remedy for plague?

A. Armenian clay

B. Quarantine

C. Snake venom

D. Abstaining from eating certain foods

4. Within the Islamic Empire, the Turkic people

A. acted as a powerful military shield.

B. were completely integrated into the Arabic world.

C. were mainly concerned with trade and commerce.

D. were educated people who administered the realm.

5. What directly led to internal expansion and new economic activity in Western Europe from the eleventh to the fourteenth century?

A. Competition among rival states

B. Population reduction

C. Decline in religious activity

D. New and extreme technological achievements

6. In the eleventh century, who did the Muslims refer to as "the army of God?"

A. Chinese

B. Turks

C. Christians

D. Buddhists

7. A zimbabwe was a

A. trade route though the desert.

B. fortified administration center.

C. tribal leader.

D. band of warriors.

8. How did powerful families of Japan like the Fujiwara legitimize their power at court?

A. Through the support of Buddhist monks

B. By marrying their daughters into the imperial family

C. By gaining more wealth than others

D. Through military victories over enemies like the Taira

9. In Mongol society, the expression "crane catching" referred to

A. the popular pastime of hunting birds.

B. a mysterious religious practice that's little understood today.

C. successful leaders forcing submission from rivals.

D. the success of Mongol merchants in establishing long-term contracts with buyers.

10. The majority of the wealth of the Byzantine Empire was based on

A. the productivity of the peasantry and trade.

B. private commercial ventures.

C. military conquest of new territories.

D. tribute from neighboring states.

11. Who was responsible for the rehabilitation of Sufism in the twelfh century?

A. Al-Hallaj

B. Al-Andalus

C. Al-Ghazali

D. Gilani

12. One of the benefits that the Mongols brought to Russian lands was

A. lower taxes.

B. the introduction of paper currency.

C. defense against German adventurers.

D. new farming technologies.

13. The great Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun saw history as a struggle between

A. different religious groups.

B. rich and poor.

C. nomads and settled peoples.

D. merchants and farmers.

14. Which pope wanted Christians to unite to redress what he saw as an imbalance of power between Christianity and Islam?

A. Pope John Paul

B. Pope Clement VI

C. Pope Urban II

D. Pope Benedict

15. What allowed the Khmer kingdom to became great?

A. Technological advances

B. Ability to conquer other lands

C. Ability to produce excess rice and export it

D. Abundant mineral resources

16. The economic security of the Inca Empire was based on

A. a horizontal compilation of terra firma.

B. intensive maize farming.

C. extensive trade with the Aztec Empire.

D. environmental diversity.

17. In the Mongol Empire, the plague

A. had no effect, because it mainly skipped over Mongol lands.

B. ended further expansion.

C. provided new opportunities for territorial expansion.

D. slowed the rise of the Ottoman state.

18. Which of the following practices did the Ottomans use to strengthen their state?

A. Missionaries were sent to remote areas to generate wealth.

B. Christian children were enslaved and brought up as Muslims to become Janissaries.

C. Gifts were given to those who converted to Islam.

D. The practice of religions other than Islam was forbidden.

19. What common problem did people in the American Southwest and the Norse of Greenland both face?

A. Ecological disasters

B. Lack of food

C. Disease

D. Isolation from other civilizations

20. During the fourteenth century, Japanese women of aristocratic rank

A. began writing fiction, a sign of their increased opportunity for education.

B. were transformed because of their ability to hold their own property separately from their husbands.

C. saw marriage customs change to their detriment.

D. became freer due to the stability of the times.