1. What was the role of nitrates in the political and economic history of Chile from 1870 to 1910?

2. What were the causes of the crisis of Brazilian slavery after mid-century?

3. How did slavery and the conflict between liberals and conservatives affect the early 19th century development of Latin America? in your answer please include a comparison and contrast of this conflict in Brazil, Peru, Cuba, and Gran Colombia.

4. Describe the program and the significance of the Mexican Reforma.

5. Compare and contrast the post colonial experiences of Paraguay, Argentina and other Latin American nations with the affects of foreign interventions, class, racial and ethnic conflicts that shaped early19th century national development in Latin America?