1. What major problem did the Roman Empire face in the mid to late Fourth Century?

A. Poor infrastructure

B. Weak leadership

C. Lack of education within the empire

D. Immigration and invasion

2. In the development of the Roman Empire, the Romans treated citizenship as

A. meaningless because the Roman Empire was tyrannical.

B. a benefit worthy only of peoples who had freely joined them.

C. belonging only to native Romans.

D. something to be shared with conquered people.

3. The animating principles of Benedict's rules for monks are the quest for salvation and

A. knowledge obtained solely through communion with God.

B. extremes of self-mortification.

C. the application of personal resistance to God's work.

D. the subordination of willfulness.

4. The Chinese philosopher Xunzi wrote that if a person attempted to cure rheumatism by beating a drum

and sacrificing a pig to the gods, then the

A. drum would be worn out, and the pig would be gone.

B. rheumatism would be cured.

C. rheumatism wouldn't get better because proper therapy required playing a flute and sacrificing a chicken.

D. rheumatism would get better, but the person wouldn't be happy.

5. A staple food transplanted from Southeast Asia to the Mediterranean world as a result of the Islamic

Empire was

A. wheat.

B. yams.

C. rice.

D. potatoes.

6. Which of the following empires rose to have tremendous influence despite having poor resources, a nonstrategic

location, no precious metals, and poor soil?

A. Chinese

B. Hittite

C. Roman

D. Persian

7. What title was given to the supreme Islamic authority, the successor of the prophet?

A. Caliph

B. Sunni

C. Sharia

D. Shia

8. What did Islamists spread throughout the Old World starting in the eighth century?

A. Democracy

B. Disease

C. New crops

D. Metals used to make new weapons

9. What group colonized many small islands in the Pacific Ocean?

A. Japanese

B. Polynesians

C. Chinese

D. Koreans

10. What strategy did Buddhist and Christian missionaries employ to spread their faith that Muslims didn't?

A. Use of artifacts

B. Forceful conversion of others

C. Conversion of kings and other elite figures

D. Conversion of merchants

11. Which of the following was a Chinese school of thought during the fourth century B.C.E. that

denounced ethics in favor of obedience?

A. Daoism

B. Buddhism

C. Confucianism

D. Legalism

12. Which of the following is not one of the new thoughts of or about God that were formulated in the

Axial Age?

A. Single God

B. Divine God

C. Involved God

D. Many Gods

13. In the sixth century, kingdoms in India were

A. undergoing successive waves of conversions to Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam.

B. developing traditions that would become Hinduism.

C. adopting Buddhism as their official religion.

D. adopting Islam as their official religion.

14. Which ruler's conversion to Christianity ensured this religion would be adopted by eastern Slavs and

Russians?

A. Constantine

B. Vladimir

C. Altigin

D. Mieszko

15. How did Alfred the Great secure his modern reputation as a state-builder?

A. He forced people to live in militarized colonies.

B. He gave free land and tax breaks to peasants.

C. He encouraged trade through tax incentives to merchants and businessmen.

D. He was lavishly generous to monks.

16. Alexander the Great was tutored by

A. Aristotle.

B. Plato.

C. Epicurus.

D. Zeno.

17. Which of the following did the Mayans consider to be worthy of recording?

A. Trade records

B. Information about everyday life

C. Ceremonial rituals

D. The laws of their society

18. Which emperor declared Christianity to be the official religion of the Roman empire?

A. Theodosius

B. Constantine

C. Eusebius

D. Charlemagne

19. Confucius believed that human beings are essentially

A. gods.

B. evil.

C. good.

D. sinful.

20. What geographic feature at times made life difficult for the Moche of South America?

A. Mountains

B. Lack of access to the sea

C. Desert

D. Unpredictable rivers