1. Using your own words, define and explain the term trauma. Then, based on pages 7-9 of Hope and Healing: A Caregiver's Guide to Helping Young Children Affected by Trauma, explain how risk factors and protective factors related to children, families, and communities can influence a child's reaction to traumatic events.

2. The impact of trauma is pervasive, affecting the physical development of the brain and the quality of children's relationships and attachments with others. Based on pages 10-11 of Hope and Healing and the essay "Stress, Nurture, and the Young Brain" in Concepts for Care, describe the impact of trauma on each of these areas of young children's development.

3. Identifying behaviors associated with child trauma plays a critical role in providing children with the support they need to develop and thrive. Based on "The Impact of Trauma on Young Children" (Section 2 in Hope and Healing) and the "Working with Traumatized Young Children in Child Care and Education Settings" essay in Concepts for Care, identify and explain three behaviors that might indicate a child has experienced trauma. Next, explain why early identification is such an important component of providing children and families the support they need.