1. The term modernity was often applied to this period because it

 A. outlines the ways in which almost all aspects of European life saw a rejection of past methods, morals, and manners.
 B. encompasses both the fruits of industrialization and the general acceptance that liberal capitalism was the best method for bringing about social happiness.
 C. describes the total abandonment of conventional social behavior in Europe, as characterized by extremely lax sexual mores and by anarchical economics.
 D. captures the accelerated pace of life, urbanization, mass politics, and artistic responses to all of these changes.

 2. The discovery of this medicine removed a roadblock to European conquest of Africa.

 A. Quinine
 B. Cola
 C. Aspirin
 D. Sodium bicarbonate

 3. Cecil Rhodes not only cornered the market in South African diamonds, but he also

 A. became the British prime minister in the 1890s.
 B. built a railroad running from Capetown in South Africa to Cairo in Egypt.
 C. believed that the world would be a better place if more of it was controlled by Britain.
 D. opposed British policies in Africa, criticizing the oppression of Africans.

 4. In pursuing its program for modernization, the Meiji government

 A. gave overly favorable trade agreements to technologically advanced Western powers.
 B. incurred the wrath and intractable resistance of its artisan and merchant classes.
 C. did not tolerate anyone who opposed modernization.
 D. received financial support from France.

 5. Russia encouraged anti-Japanese groups in which country?

 A. Indochina
 B. Formosa
 C. Korea
 D. Manchuria

 6. After a brief war in 1898, Spain lost Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to

 A. Mexico.
 B. the United States.
 C. Great Britain.
 D. France.

 7. In the 1890s, Italy joined the race for imperial acquisitions and sent an army to conquer

 A. Ethiopia, only to be soundly defeated.
 B. Argentina, successfully establishing Italian control over Buenos Aires.
 C. Ethiopia, defeating the Ethiopian army at the battle of Adowa.
 D. the Sudan, which was, however, claimed by the British.

 8. Sun Yat-Sen and his followers were able to overthrow the Qing dynasty and declare China a republic in 1911 because of

 A. support from Japan, which wanted China to become a client state.
 B. arms and marines that had secretly been smuggled to them by the United States.
 C. the Qing's loss of credibility after it supported the failed Boxer Uprising.
 D. encouragement from the Qing ruler, Dowager Empress Tz'u-hsi (Cixi).

 9. The founding of the Indian National Congress in 1885 represented

 A. a milestone in Indian self-government.
 B. a direct and unprecedented challenge to Britain's right to rule by educated Indian elites.
 C. yet another British increase in direct political control over the Indian subcontinent.
 D. a liberalization of British policy toward Indian participation in colonial government.

 10. The British sponsored the Muslim League in India because British officials

 A. believed this was the best forum for training future Indian leaders.
 B. saw it as a way of increasing the power of local Indians in government.
 C. were trying to make up for the shortage of Indian officials in Muslim regions.
 D. wanted to divide Muslims and Hindus in the Indian National Congress.

 11. The marriage of American Jeanette Jerome to Lord Randolph Churchill reflected

 A. a growing trend in marriages across class lines.
 B. the emergence of America as Britain's equal in imperialism.
 C. the migration of British aristocrats to America to avoid rising British taxes.
 D. the blurring of social distinctions between aristocrats and rich bankers and industrialists.

 12. The overall European population was growing at the end of the nineteenth century, but

 A. most governments worried that they lacked enough manpower for their armies.
 B. the birthrate was falling in almost every country.
 C. governments still struggled to collect enough taxes to pay for urban improvements.
 D. average life expectancy did not increase.

 13. Despite rapid modernization, old ways and custom still survived in eastern Europe, as exemplified by the Balkan retention of the

 A. Duma.
 B. adowa
 C. zadruga.
 D. Bildung.

 14. In Great Britain, theorist Havelock Ellis (1859-1939. emerged as a practitioner of the new field of

 A. sinology.
 B. political economy.
 C. sexology.
 D. sociology.

15. In general, large numbers from rural Sicily, Ireland, and Scandinavia emigrated because

 A. the population was expanding so rapidly that these home countries did not have enough jobs to employ the growing labor pool.
 B. none of these countries was an independent, democratic state, and people left to find more freedom.
 C. American entrepreneurs who needed workers targeted these people and gave them large signing bonuses to emigrate.
 D. these three areas lagged behind the rest of Europe in unionization.

16. Thousands of Sicilians left for northern Europe and the United States as a result of

 A. the new Italian government's economic favoritism toward northern Italy.
 B. the replacement of olive oil with palm oil in industrial soap production.
 C. the suppression of working-class organizations and labor unions in Italy.
 D. Sicily's nearly worthless, eroded soil of their island.

17. In 1893, the British Fabian Society helped to

 A. found the Labour Party.
 B. launch the suffragette movement.
 C. bring home rule to Ireland.
 D. bring Marxism to Britain.

18. Sigmund Freud's theory of the human psyche alarmed many because it stated that

 A. sexuality was an unimportant element in human life.
 B. sexual molestation of children was common.
 C. humans were motivated by irrational drives, not only by logical thought.
 D. overstimulation by modern aspects of society was causing hysteria and neuroses.

19. Which of the following was not a scientific innovation during this period?

 A. Einstein's theories about space and time
 B. Marie Curie's work with radioactive elements
 C. Max Planck's quantum theorem
 D. Watson and Crick's discovery of DNA

20. The Russian Ballet's performance of The Rite of Spring by Igor Stravinsky in 1913 was

 A. a tribute to classical ballet in the midst of modern and innovative musical compositions.
 B. choreographed with experimental bodily expression and awkward poses.
 C. a flop at the box office.
 D. an artistic foreshadowing of the Russian communist revolution.

21. Socialism led to a number of working-class parties, of which the largest by 1890 was the

 A. Socialist Party in France.
 B. Labour Party in England.
 C. Social Democratic Party in Germany.
 D. Marxist Party in Russia.

25. The Second International (1889. was an organization that sought

 A. cooperation between banks in various countries.
 B. Marxist communist revolution.
 C. European cooperation in colonial Africa to divide up the continent.
 D. international peace through a system of mandatory negotiations over conflicts.

 26. In 1911, Liberals initiated a new social policy enacted in the

 A. Home Rule Bill, which gave Ireland its own parliament.
 B. Maternal Aid Bill, which provided subsistence incomes for single mothers.
 C. Old Age Pension Appropriation.
 D. National Insurance Act, a system of relief for the unemployed.