1. The end of the First World War was supposed to usher in a new era of peace, prosperity, anti-nationalism, liberal-democracy, and the dismantling of European empires. Did it? What political ideologies, national revolutions and economic challenges developed after 1917 that led to the Second World War? (Hint, answer yes or no!)

2. How did living and working conditions, political rights, and national obligations for service change for the average working class citizen between 1830 and 1950? Did the rise of mass societies benefit the actual masses, or not? Explain both in general, and specifically in regards to the various members of the Cratchit family from A Christmas Carol.

3. A number of new political ideologies (‘isms) developed due to the French and Industrial Revolutions. Identify and discuss at least four and explain which one had the most significant impact on European & Western society between 1815 and 1950. You may NOT use Nationalism in this question!)

4. How the Industrial Revolution and the Second Industrial Revolution impact the continent of Europe socially, politically, and economically between 1800 and 1918?

5. Nationalism acted as both a constructive and destructive force after 1789. Define it, and explain how it impacted European society between 1815 and 1940. Use specific examples to back up your argument.