1.) The creative process in art and architecture can be recognized as deriving from an intellectual/rational motivating force and from an emotional/expressive/spiritual impetus. Discuss such currents in three of the historical periods or cultures we have studied, with specific examples to illustrate your ideas.

2) Why did Roman patrons have portraits made of themselves? How did the sculptor/artist convey the personality of the subject? In what ways could a simple portrait of an individual be enhanced with symbolism, imagery or allegory? Base your discussion on two portraits of your choice (free-standing sculpture, busts, or in paint or mosaic).