1. The creation of _______ lies at the heart of multidimensional scaling.
A. perceptual maps
B. pair-wise tables
C. covariance matrices
D. part-worth functions

2. A _______ is equal to the observation minus the mean.
A. range
B. deviation score
C. quartile
D. standard deviation

3. Which of the following statistical techniques uses two or more independent, metric variables to classify observations into categories of a nominal, dependent variable?
A. Multiple regression
B. Multivariate analysis of variance
C. Factor analysis
D. Discriminant analysis

4. Which of the following is a dependency technique?
A. Multidimensional scaling (MIDS)
B. Cluster analysis
C. MANOVA
D. Factor analysis

5. Which of the following requires at least the ordinal level of data?
A. Nonparametric tests
B. Kruskal's tau
C. Chi-square
D. Cramer's V

6. Which of the following best explains how the F ratio examines differences among groups?
A. The probability of making a Type I error is compared to the probability of making a Type II error.
B. The critical F is compared to the critical t.
C. The standard deviation for each group is subtracted from the mean of all groups.
D. The variability attributable to a treatment is compared to the variability arising from random error.

7. Which of the following groups of words indicates a series of words for which aliasing would be used in the analysis?
A. Search, searching, searches, searched
B. Pretty, beautiful, attractive
C. Be, is, of, the
D. Going, walking, running, flying

8. Which of the following is a false statement?
A. Whether using a one-tailed test or a two-tailed test, a region of rejection, a region of acceptance, and, therefore, critical
values may be developed.
B. The failure to correctly reject the alternative hypothesis is referred to as a Type II error (ß).
C. The level of significance is quantitatively defined as a and the statistical power of a test is quantitatively defined as 1 - a.
D. The failure to correctly reject the null hypothesis is referred to as a Type I error (a).

9. Which of the following is most appropriately displayed with a frequency table?
A. What is the relationship between gender and brand preference?
B. Is advertising more effective in newspapers or magazines?
C. What percentage of people prefer Hunt's brand ketchup?
D. How much explanatory value comes from the study's variables?

10. In what section are complex tables, statistical tests, and supporting documents placed?
A. Appendix
B. Methodology
C. Introduction
D. Findings

11. Which of the following best expresses the value of using percentages in data presentation?
A. Allows for relative comparisons
B. Focuses on the count of cases
C. Provides for the calculation of marginals
D. Allows for mathematical manipulation of the values

12. Which of the following is false with respect to cross-tabulation?
A. Row and column totals, called marginals, appear at the bottom and right margins of the table.
B. Each cell contains a count of the cases of the joint classification and also the row, column, and total percentage.
C. When constructed for statistical testing, these tables are called stem-and-leaf tables.
D. Cross-tabulation is a technique for comparing data from two or more categorical variables.

13. Jack is performing a factor analysis on 20 items relevant to perceptions of service quality. Using a principal components approach, the following Eigenvalues were produced: 3.45, 2.78, 1.33, 1.24, 1.01, .567, .443, and .223. How many factors should Jack retain based on these Eigenvalues?
A. 8
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5

14. Which of the following can be determined using a frequency distribution?
A. Whether a systematic association exist between two variables
B. The systematic variance associated with the sample
C. The shape of the variable's distribution
D. How close a sample comes to the null hypothesis

15. Database development begins with
A. statistical analysis.
B. data entry.
C. editing.
D. hypothesis formulation.

16. Which of the following techniques to control pace is thought to create a positive psychological effect on the reader?
A. Use of well-known vocabulary terms
B. Use of visual aids
C. Use of headings
D. Use of ample white space

17. Which procedure for finding a regression line keeps errors of estimate to a minimum?
A. Standardized residual effect
B. Elaboration likelihood method
C. General linear model
D. Method of least squares

18. Which of the following statistical techniques identifies patterns underlying combinations of the original variables capable of summarizing the original set?
A. Multivariate analysis of variance
B. Discriminant analysis
C. Cluster analysis
D. Factor analysis

19. Which of the following tests is most appropriate for examining differences in the average number of hours spent viewing television among four different age groups?
A. t-test
B. McNemar test
C. ANOVA
D. Z test

20. Which of the following requires ordinal data?
A. Chi-square
B. Cramer's V
C. Kruskal's tau
D. Kendall's tau b and tau c